ADHD appears to be becoming more prevalent in children and it can have substantial impacts on children and their families. The work of Dr Wen-Harn Pan and colleague at Academia Sinica, National Taiwan University, Chang-Kung Medical Center, and Chung Hua University of Medical Technology explored comorbidities, biomarkers, and dietary and nutritional biochemistry profiles associated with ADHD with the ultimate aim to understand its complex etiology and improve diagnosis, prevention and management.