{"id":31731,"date":"2023-06-29T00:12:16","date_gmt":"2023-06-28T16:12:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/?p=31731"},"modified":"2023-07-13T15:54:30","modified_gmt":"2023-07-13T07:54:30","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%b0%88%e6%ac%84%e3%80%91%e5%a1%8c%e7%b8%ae%e5%9e%8b%e8%b6%85%e6%96%b0%e6%98%9f%e7%88%86%e7%82%b8%ef%bc%9a%e5%be%ae%e4%b8%ad%e5%ad%90%e8%88%87%e6%96%b0%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/31731\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5c08\u6b04\u3011\u584c\u7e2e\u578b\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\uff1a\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u8207\u65b0\u7269\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n\t\t\t\t\t\"\u3010\u5c08\u6b04\u3011\u584c\u7e2e\u578b\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\uff1a\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u8207\u65b0\u7269\u7406\"\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>
\n
\n\t\t\t\t\t\u5433\u5b5f\u5112\u535a\u58eb\u65bc 2012 \u5e74\u81ea\u7f8e\u570b\u660e\u5c3c\u8607\u9054\u5927\u5b78\u53d6\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u66fe\u65bc\u5fb7\u570b\u9054\u59c6\u65bd\u5854\u7279\u5de5\u696d\u5927\u5b78\u8207\u4e39\u9ea5\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u6ce2\u723e\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u64d4\u4efb\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff0c\u73fe\u70ba\u672c\u9662\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u526f\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3002\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u5c08\u9577\u70ba\u7406\u8ad6\u7c92\u5b50\u5929\u6587\u53ca\u6838\u5929\u6587\u7269\u7406\u3002\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u5728\u897f\u5143 1987 \u5e74 2 \u6708 24 \u865f\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u4e09\u500b\u7576\u6642\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5be6\u9a57\u2014\u2014\u65e5\u672c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u795e\u5ca1\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\uff08Kamiokande II\uff09\u3001\u7f8e\u570b IMB \u5075\u6e2c\u5668\uff08Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven detector\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684 Baksan \u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u89c0\u6e2c\u6240\uff08Baksan Neutrino Observatory\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5728 12 \u79d2\u5167\u5171\u7d00\u9304\u5230 24 \u500b\u5e36\u6709\u6578\u767e\u842c\u96fb\u5b50\u4f0f\u7279\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u53cd\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u53cd\u61c9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5167\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u53cd\u61c9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6578\uff0c\u8207\u540c\u65e5\u4e09\u5c0f\u6642\u5f8c\u7531\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\uff0c\u8ddd\u5730\u7403\u7d04 16 \u842c 8 \u5343\u5149\u5e74\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u9ea5\u54f2\u502b\u661f\u96f2\u5167\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u96fb\u78c1\u8f3b\u5c04\uff0c\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u4ecd\u767c\u5c55\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u584c\u7e2e\u578b\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\uff08core-collapse supernova\uff09\u7206\u70b8\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u6b64\u4e8b\u4ef6\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u300cSN1987a\u300d\uff08\u5716\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u6e90\u65bc\u592a\u967d\u7cfb\u5916\u7684\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u66ff\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u5beb\u4e0b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002\u6b64\u89c0\u6e2c\u4e5f\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u584c\u7e2e\u578b\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u9664\u4e86\u6703\u653e\u51fa\u9ad8\u9054\u592a\u967d\u4eae\u5ea6\u7684\u6578\u5104\u500d\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0a\u767e\u5929\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u96fb\u78c1\u5e45\u5c04\uff0c\u66f4\u6703\u653e\u51fa\u7e3d\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u96fb\u78c1\u5e45\u5c04\u5343\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u3002\u6b64\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u5f8c\uff0c\u6642\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u53ca\u5929\u6587\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ecd\u6301\u7e8c\u900f\u904e\u6b64\u89c0\u6e2c\uff0c\u5c0d\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u3001\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u53ca\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u505a\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u53ca\u89e3\u8b80\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u5c08\u6b04\u3011\u584c\u7e2e\u578b\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\uff1a\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u8207\u65b0\u7269\u7406\"

\u25b2\u5716\u4e00\uff1a\u8d85\u65b0\u661f 1987a \u767c\u751f\u524d\u5f8c\u5149\u5b78\u5f71\u50cf\u4e4b\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002\u5de6\uff0f\u53f3\u5716\u70ba\u767c\u751f\u5f8c\uff0f\u524d\u3002
\n\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aWikimedia Commons
\n\uff08https:\/www.maas.museum\/observations\/2012\/02\/24\/25-years-since-sn1987a-was-discovered\/<\/a>\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n

\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u7c21\u77ed\u4ecb\u7d39\u76ee\u524d\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ca\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u76ee\u524d\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u76f8\u95dc\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u4ecd\u5f85\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u554f\u984c\u53ca\u8fd1\u671f\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u5c0d\u65b0\u7269\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9810\u671f\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u9280\u6cb3\u7cfb\u5167\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u6703\u5728\u4f55\u6642\u5230\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u584c\u7e2e\u578b\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728 SN1987a \u767c\u751f\u7684 36 \u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u53ca\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ecd\u81f4\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u7a2e\u5e36\u6709\u6975\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u767c\u751f\u7684\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7406\u8ad6\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u5927\u8cea\u91cf\u6046\u661f\uff08\u7d04\u5927\u65bc 8 \u500d\u592a\u967d\u8cea\u91cf\uff09\u6f14\u5316\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6703\u9010\u6f38\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u534a\u5f91\u7d04\u6578\u5343\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u8cea\u91cf\u7d04 1.4 \u500d\u592a\u967d\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u7dfb\u5bc6\u300c\u9435\u6838\u300d\u3002\u9435\u6838\u5167\u7121\u6cd5\u518d\u6709\u6838\u878d\u5408\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u50c5\u9760\u96fb\u5b50\u91cf\u5b50\u6e1b\u4f75\u58d3\uff08quantum degeneracy pressure\uff09\u4f86\u5c0d\u6297\u91cd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u9435\u6838\u8cea\u91cf\u8d85\u904e 1.4 \u500d\u592a\u967d\u8cea\u91cf\u6642\uff0c\u56e0\u91cf\u5b50\u6e1b\u4f75\u58d3\u518d\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u652f\u6490\u91cd\u529b\uff0c\u9435\u6838\u5728\u91cd\u529b\u652f\u914d\u4e0b\u958b\u59cb\u5411\u5167\u584c\u7e2e\u3002\u5728\u584c\u7e2e\u7d04 100 \u6beb\u79d2\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9435\u6838\u5167\u90e8\u88ab\u91cd\u529b\u58d3\u7e2e\u5230\u534a\u5f91\u50c5\u6709\u6578\u5341\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u5167\u90e8\u7269\u8cea\u8cea\u91cf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8d85\u8d8a\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6642\uff0c\u6838\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u584c\u7e2e\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6025\u901f\u7684\u53cd\u5f48\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7522\u751f\u5e36\u6709\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5f80\u5916\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u9707\u6ce2\uff08shockwave\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u9707\u6ce2\u521d\u671f\u4ee5\u7d04\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5149\u901f\u5f80\u5916\u50b3\u905e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9707\u6ce2\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5e36\u6709\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u88ab\u62ff\u4f86\u5c07\u9435\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u6838\u5b50\uff08\u8cea\u5b50\u8207\u4e2d\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u7d93\u7531\u96fb\u5b50\u88dc\u7372\u7522\u751f\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u6240\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u9707\u6ce2\u6700\u5f8c\u505c\u5728\u96e2\u9435\u6838\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7d04 100\uff0d200 \u516c\u91cc\u8655\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u99d0\u9707\u6ce2\uff08standing shockwave\uff09\u300d\u3002\u5728\u99d0\u9707\u6ce2\u505c\u6eef\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u9707\u6ce2\u5916\u9762\u7684\u539f\u6046\u661f\u5167\u90e8\u7269\u8cea\u4ecd\u4e0d\u65b7\u53d7\u91cd\u529b\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6389\u9032\u9707\u6ce2\u5167\u90e8\u525b\u900f\u904e\u524d\u8ff0\u584c\u7e2e\u904e\u7a0b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u539f\u578b\u4e2d\u5b50\u661f\uff08proto-neutron star\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u99d0\u9707\u6ce2\u5982\u4f55\u5f9e\u300c\u505c\u6b62\u300d\u72c0\u614b\u5230\u91cd\u65b0\u88ab\u6ce8\u5165\u80fd\u91cf\u518d\u6b21\u5411\u5916\u50b3\u905e\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5f15\u767c\u89c0\u6e2c\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u4e0a\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u591a\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u7fa4\u7d44\uff0c\u904b\u7528\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5e73\u884c\u5316\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u96fb\u8166\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u82b1\u8cbb\u4e0a\u767e\u842c\u8a08\u7b97\u5c0f\u6642\uff08cpu-hour\uff09\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u5305\u542b\uff1a\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u3001\u5f37\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u3001\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\uff0c\u53ca\u96fb\u78c1\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8907\u96dc\u4e09\u7dad\u6d41\u9ad4\u529b\u5b78\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u91cd\u73fe\u584c\u7e2e\u5f8c\u7d04 1 \u79d2\u4e2d\u5167\u6240\u767c\u751f\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u6975\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5f9e\u539f\u578b\u4e2d\u5b50\u661f\u8868\u9762\u8f3b\u5c04\u51fa\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u5e36\u6709\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u53cd\u61c9\u300c\u5132\u5b58\u300d\u5230\u99d0\u9707\u6ce2\u4e0b\u65b9\uff0c\u518d\u900f\u904e\u5728\u4e09\u7dad\u4e0b\u7684\u5c0d\u6d41\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u8f14\u52a9\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u555f\u52d5\u99d0\u9707\u6ce2\u4e26\u5f15\u767c\u7206\u70b8 1<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u98a8\u5473\u632f\u76ea\u8207\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u6a21\u64ec\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u73fe\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u98a8\u5473\uff08flavor\uff09\u632f\u76ea\u3002\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u592a\u967d\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7dda\u7a7f\u8d8a\u5927\u6c23\u5c64\u6240\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f9e\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u548c\u6838\u53cd\u61c9\u7210\u5167\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\u53ca\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u98a8\u5473\u632f\u76ea\u6b64\u4e00\u7368\u7279\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u53cd\u61c9\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u90fd\u5e36\u6709\u5176\u7368\u7279\u7684\u300c\u98a8\u5473\u300d\uff0c\u6a19\u793a\u8457\u8a72\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\u540c\u6642\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u5e36\u96fb\u8f15\u5b50\u662f\u96fb\u5b50\u3001\u7df2\u5b50\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6fe4\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u98a8\u5473\u6703\u5728\u5176\u65bc\u6642\u7a7a\u4e2d\u65c5\u884c\u6642\u7522\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u672c\u662f\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u7522\u751f\u8655\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u8ddd\u96e2\u91cf\u6e2c\u5176\u98a8\u5473\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u767c\u73fe\u8a72\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u7df2\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u6216\u6fe4\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u5167\uff0c\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e36\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u98a8\u5473\u632f\u76ea\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7368\u7279\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u8b49\u5be6\u6b64\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5728 2015 \u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7684\u69ae\u8b7d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u50c5\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u98a8\u5473\u632f\u76ea\u5728\u771f\u7a7a\u3001\u5730\u7403\u5167\u90e8\u6216\u592a\u967d\u5167\u90e8\u5167\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u5167\u90e8\uff0c\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u98a8\u5473\u632f\u76ea\u5982\u4f55\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u5c0d\u65bc\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u672a\u89e3\u7684\u8b0e\u5718\u3002\u8ffd\u6839\u7a76\u5e95\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u4e2d\u6703\u7522\u751f\u6975\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u98a8\u5473\u632f\u76ea\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u7686\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u4ed6\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u98a8\u5473\u632f\u76ea\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e00\u500b\u8d85\u5927\u578b\u7684\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u614b\u7684\u591a\u7dad\u5ea6\u91cf\u5b50\u50b3\u64ad\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u98a8\u5473\u632f\u76ea\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u51dd\u614b\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u5f37\u95dc\u9023\u7cfb\u7d71\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u6703\u7522\u751f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u6027\u53ca\u540c\u8abf\u6027\u7684\u884c\u70ba 2<\/sup>\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u96c6\u9ad4\u6027\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u98a8\u5473\u632f\u76ea\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u99d0\u9707\u6ce2\u5167\u90e8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u539f\u578b\u4e2d\u5b50\u661f\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u555f\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u99d0\u9707\u6ce2\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u5167\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6578\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u7fa4\u7d44\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u672c\u9662\u7b46\u8005\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u5718\u968a\u5728\u5167\uff0c\u7686\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u767c\u5c55\u6a21\u64ec\u6b64\u4e00\u91cf\u5b50\u50b3\u64ad\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u5927\u578b\u7a0b\u5f0f 3<\/sup>\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6a21\u64ec\u7d50\u679c\u5982\u5716\u4e8c\uff09\u3002\u671f\u5f85\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u5e7e\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5c0d\u6b64\u73fe\u8c61\u505a\u51fa\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e26\u91d0\u6e05\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5728\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u6a5f\u5236\u4e2d\u6240\u8fa6\u6f14\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u5c08\u6b04\u3011\u584c\u7e2e\u578b\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\uff1a\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u8207\u65b0\u7269\u7406\"

\u25b2\u5716\u4e8c\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u96c6\u9ad4\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u98a8\u5473\u632f\u76ea\u5340\u57df\u6a21\u64ec\u7d50\u679c\u3002
\n\u6a6b\u8ef8\uff1a\u7a7a\u9593\u5750\u6a19\uff08\u7121\u55ae\u4f4d\uff09\u3002\u7e31\u8ef8\uff1a\u901f\u5ea6\u5750\u6a19\uff08\u55ae\u4f4d\uff1a\u5149\u901f\uff09\u3002\u984f\u8272\uff1a\u76f8\u7a7a\u9593\u5167\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7d93\u904e\u98a8\u5473\u632f\u76ea\u5f8c\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u6a5f\u7387\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n

\u5229\u7528\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u63a2\u7d22\u65b0\u7269\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u81f4\u529b\u4e86\u89e3\u65bc\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u5831\u70b8\u4e2d\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5916\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8a66\u5716\u900f\u904e\u5229\u7528\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u4e00\u5929\u6587\u73fe\u50cf\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\u4f86\u63a2\u7d22\u8d85\u8d8a\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u65b0\u7269\u7406\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7dda\u7d22\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\u4e5f\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u6b64\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8af8\u591a\u5d84\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u30022019 \u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u900f\u904e\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u53ef\u80fd\u5f9e\u539f\u578b\u4e2d\u5b50\u661f\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9003\u96e2\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u661f\u9ad4\u524d\u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u65b0\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u6697\u5149\u5b50\u3001\u8ef8\u5b50\u3001\u60f0\u6027\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7b49\u7279\u6027\u505a\u51fa\u9650\u5236 4<\/sup>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u65bc 2022 \u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u900f\u904e\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u6240\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u9280\u6cb3\u7cfb\u5167\u7684\u6697\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u9280\u6cb3\u7cfb\u5167\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u6642\uff0c\u5c0d\u8cea\u91cf\u5c0f\u65bc\u767e\u842c\u96fb\u5b50\u4f0f\u7279\u7684\u6697\u7269\u8cea\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u91d0\u6e05 5<\/sup>\u3002\uff08\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a\u3008\u641c\u5c0b\u5b87\u5b99\u6697\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5d84\u65b0\u5be6\u9a57\u8a0a\u865f\u3009<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u9280\u6cb3\u7cfb\u5167\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u4f55\u6642\u5230\u4f86?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7576\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u9280\u6cb3\u7cfb\u5167\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u6642\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u9810\u8a08\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u8d85\u7d1a\u795e\u5ca1\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668 Super Kamiokande\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5373\u5c07\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u5927\u578b\uff08\u7e3d\u91cd\u91cf\u6578\u5341\u81f3\u6578\u767e\u5343\u5678\uff09\u7684\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5be6\u9a57\u2014\u2014\u6c5f\u9580\u5730\u4e0b\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5be6\u9a57\u89c0\u6e2c\u7ad9\uff08Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory, JUNO\uff09\u3001\u6df1\u5730\u5e95\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5be6\u9a57\uff08Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, DUNE\uff09\uff0c\u53ca\u8d85\u5de8\u578b\u795e\u5ca1\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\uff08Hyper Kamiokande\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u4e0a\u5343\u81f3\u4e0a\u842c\u500b\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u900f\u904e\u5206\u6790\u9019\u4e9b\u5305\u542b\u8a73\u7d30\u80fd\u8b5c\u53ca\u6642\u9593\u6f14\u5316\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u9810\u671f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u8af8\u591a\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u672a\u89e3\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u5e36\u4f86\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u9810\u671f\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u5167\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u6703\u5728\u4f55\u6642\u5230\u4f86\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5728\u516c\u5143\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\u5f8c\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5929\u6587\u89c0\u6e2c\u7d00\u9304\uff0c\u5171\u8a18\u8f09\u4e86 6 \u6b21\u7cfb\u5167\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u584c\u7e2e\u578b\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u6b21\uff08\u5206\u5225\u70ba 1054\u30011181 \u53ca 1680 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5305\u542b\u5c0d\u9280\u6cb3\u7cfb\u5167\u7d93\u7531\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u6240\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u9577\u534a\u8870\u671f\u92c1 26 \u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u4f3d\u78bc\u5c04\u7dda\u89c0\u6e2c\uff0c\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u6b98\u9ab8\uff08supernova remnant\uff09\uff0c\u7206\u70b8\u5f8c\u6240\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u5b50\u661f\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9280\u6cb3\u7cfb\u81e8\u8fd1\u7684\u5927\u8cea\u91cf\u6046\u661f\u6216\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u6578\u76ee\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9810\u6e2c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7cfb\u5167\u584c\u7e2e\u578b\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u983b\u7387\u7d04\u70ba\u6bcf\u767e\u5e74\u300c1.63+-0.46 \u6b21\u300d6<\/sup>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u671f\u5f85\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u6703\u6709\u7cfb\u5167\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u767c\u751f\u3002\u5c46\u6642\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u5305\u542b\u5404\u7a2e\u96fb\u78c1\u8a0a\u865f\u53ca\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u8a0a\u865f\u7684\u5230\u4f86\u3002\u5c07\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u767e\u5e74\u4e00\u898b\u7684\u591a\u4fe1\u59cb\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u53ca\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u76db\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

1<\/sup> A. Burrows and D. Vartanyan, Nature<\/em> 589<\/strong>, 29\uff082021\uff09\u3002
\n2<\/sup> F. Capozzi and N. Saviano, Universe<\/em> 8<\/strong>, 94\uff082022\uff09\u3002
\n3<\/sup> S. Richers, H. Duan, M.-R. Wu, et. al., Phys. Rev. D<\/em> 106<\/strong>, 043011\uff082022\uff09\u3002
\n4<\/sup> A. Sung, H. Tu, M.-R. Wu, Phys. Rev. D<\/em> 99<\/strong>, 121305\uff082019\uff09\u3002
\n5<\/sup> Y.-H. Lin, W.-H. Wu, M.-R. Wu, H. T.-K. Wong, Phys. Rev. Lett.<\/em>, 130<\/strong>, 111002\uff082023\uff09\u3002
\n6<\/sup> K. Rozwadowska, F. Vissani, E. Cappellaro, New Astronomy<\/em> 83<\/strong>, 101498\uff082021\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u897f\u5143 1987 \u5e74 2 \u6708 24 \u865f\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u4e09\u500b\u7576\u6642\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u5be6\u9a57\u2014\u2014\u65e5\u672c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u795e\u5ca1\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\uff08Kamioka […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31839,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[990,983],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31731"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31731"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31731\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}