{"id":26442,"date":"2021-12-16T00:19:16","date_gmt":"2021-12-15T16:19:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/?p=26442"},"modified":"2021-12-30T01:22:30","modified_gmt":"2021-12-29T17:22:30","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%b0%88%e6%ac%84%e3%80%91%e6%9c%89%e3%80%8c%e5%a8%81%e6%ac%8a%e5%9c%8b%e9%9a%9b%e4%ba%ba%e6%ac%8a%e6%b3%95%e3%80%8d%e9%80%99%e7%a8%ae%e6%9d%b1%e8%a5%bf%e5%97%8e%ef%bc%9f%e8%ab%87%e5%9c%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/26442\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5c08\u6b04\u3011\u6709\u300c\u5a01\u6b0a\u570b\u969b\u4eba\u6b0a\u6cd5\u300d\u9019\u7a2e\u6771\u897f\u55ce\uff1f\u8ac7\u570b\u969b\u4eba\u6b0a\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4e4b\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u56e0\u7d20\u300d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u570b\u969b\u4eba\u6b0a\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u5a01\u6b0a\u6311\u6230<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u662f\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u898f\u7bc4\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6b0a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u6ce2\u6c11\u4e3b\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e2d\u851a\u70ba\u98a8\u6f6e\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u5927\u5e2bThomas M. Franck\u7576\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u8a8d\u5728\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa\u300c\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6cbb\u7406\u6b0a\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff08emergent right to democratic governance\uff09\uff08\u8a3b\u4e00\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6642\u79fb\u4e16\u6613\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6a02\u89c0\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5728\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5012\u9000\u300d\uff08democratic backsliding\uff09\u7684\u4eca\u65e5\u5df2\u4e0d\u5fa9\u898b\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u65e5\u76ca\u7c60\u7f69\u5728\u5a01\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u9670\u5f71\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5a01\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\uff08\u5305\u542b\u4e2d\u570b\u5728\u5167\uff09\u8a66\u5716\u4fb5\u8755\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6b0a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f62\u5851\u5c0d\u5c08\u5236\u653f\u6b0a\u6709\u5229\u7684\u570b\u969b\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7576\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u754c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5a01\u6b0a\u653f\u9ad4\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b78\u754c\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u5a01\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u5c0d\u65bc\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5b78\u8005Tom Ginsburg\u751a\u81f3\u5927\u81bd\u5730\u63d0\u554f\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u300c\u5a01\u6b0a\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u300d\uff08authoritarian international law\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u300c\u5a01\u6b0a\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u300d\u6703\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u6a23\u8c8c\uff1f\uff08\u8a3b\u4e8c\uff09\u5728Ginsburg\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e2d\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u9084\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u5a01\u6b0a\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5a01\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u9663\u71df\u8301\u58ef\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u300c\u5a01\u6b0a\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u300d\u672a\u4f86\u4e26\u975e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u570b\u969b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u9010\u6f38\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u300c\u4fc3\u9032\u5167\u90e8\u93ae\u58d3\u3001\u76e3\u7ba1\u7db2\u7d61\u7a7a\u9593\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a00\u91cb\u6c11\u4e3b\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u300d\u7684\u65b0\u898f\u7bc4\u3002\uff08\u8a3b\u4e09\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u67b6\u69cb\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u554f\uff0c\u5728\u570b\u969b\u4eba\u6b0a\u6cd5\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u300c\u5a01\u6b0a\u570b\u969b\u4eba\u6b0a\u6cd5\u300d\uff08authoritarian international human rights law\uff09\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1f\uff08\u8a3b\u56db\uff09\u300c\u5a01\u6b0a\u300d\u548c\u300c\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\u9019\u5169\u500b\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f7f\u300c\u5a01\u6b0a\u570b\u969b\u4eba\u6b0a\u6cd5\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u5145\u6eff\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u770b\u4f3c\u6beb\u7121\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u63d0\u554f\u55e4\u4e4b\u4ee5\u9f3b\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u6b63\u8996\u5a01\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u9663\u71df\u5728\u570b\u969b\u4eba\u6b0a\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u6b63\u5728\u8a66\u5716\u5f62\u5851\u7684\u65b0\u898f\u7bc4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4eba\u6b0a\u7406\u4e8b\u6703\uff08United Nations Human Rights Council\uff09\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u806f\u5408\u570b\u4e2d\u5c08\u8077\u4eba\u6b0a\u4e8b\u52d9\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u9593\u6700\u9ad8\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4fdd\u8b77\u570b\u969b\u4eba\u6b0a\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0d\u907a\u9918\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5be6\u969b\u53bb\u770b\u4eba\u6b0a\u7406\u4e8b\u6703\u7684\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u6578\u91cf\u4e0a\u4f54\u4e86\u4e0a\u98a8\u3002\u4eba\u6b0a\u7406\u4e8b\u6703\u5171\u670947\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u6210\u54e1\uff0c\u82e5\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff08Freedom House\uff09\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf2021\u5e74\u4eba\u6b0a\u7406\u4e8b\u6703\u7684\u6703\u54e1\u570b\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u570b\u5bb6\u53ea\u670918\u500b\uff0838.3%\uff09\u3001\u300c\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u570b\u5bb617\u500b\uff0836.2%\uff09\u3001\u300c\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u570b\u5bb612\u500b\uff0825.5%\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u4ee5\u6c11\u4e3b\u6307\u6a19\uff08Democracy Index\uff09\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u6c11\u4e3b\u9663\u71df\u5c6c\u65bc\u5c11\u6578\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb69\u500b\uff0819.1%\uff09\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb611\u500b\uff0823.4%\uff09\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u653f\u6b0a10\u500b\uff0821.3%\uff09\u3001\u5c08\u5236\u653f\u6b0a14\u500b\uff0829.8%\uff09\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u5206\u985e3\u500b\uff086.4%\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4eba\u6b0a\u7406\u4e8b\u6703\u6703\u54e1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4fb5\u5bb3\u4eba\u6b0a\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u3001\u53e4\u5df4\u7b49\u570b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u9023\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u5a01\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4e2d\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u570b\u5bb6\uff09\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5df2\u7d93\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u7406\u5ff5\u76f8\u8fd1\u806f\u76df\u300d\uff08like-minded group\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u6b0a\u7406\u4e8b\u6703\u7576\u4e2d\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u5c0d\u58d8\u3002\u300c\u7406\u5ff5\u76f8\u8fd1\u806f\u76df\u300d\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u4eba\u6b0a\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u6709\u8457\u5171\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8b70\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff1a\u634d\u885b\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u6027\uff1b\u6311\u6230\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u6027\uff08universality\uff09\uff1b\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u8a8d\u5b9a\u7684\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u793e\u6703\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6b0a\u5229\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u767c\u5c55\u6b0a\u300d\u7f6e\u65bc\u512a\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\uff08\u5ffd\u8996\u516c\u6c11\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u5229\uff09\uff1b\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u6b0a\u7406\u4e8b\u6703\u91dd\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u570b\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u8a55\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u9818\u5c0e\u7fd2\u8fd1\u5e73\u5728 2012 \u5e74\u5e95\u638c\u6b0a\u5f8c\uff0c\u6a19\u8a8c\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u91ce\u5fc3\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8b8a\u5316\u4e0d\u50c5\u9ad4\u73fe\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u5167\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c55\u73fe\u5728\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0a\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u5be6\u73fe\u7fd2\u8fd1\u5e73\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u65cf\u5049\u5927\u5fa9\u8208\u7684\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u5922\u300d\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u958b\u59cb\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u570b\u969b\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4e3b\u52d5\u767c\u8072\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u7279\u8272\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\uff1f\u5f9e\u4e2d\u570b\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u4e2d\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u96e3\u63d0\u7149\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u5317\u4eac\u900f\u904e\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u7279\u8272\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\u60f3\u8981\u9054\u5230\u7684\u8b70\u7a0b\u3002\uff08\u8a3b\u4e94\uff09<\/p>\n

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\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u7279\u8272\u4eba\u6b0a\u300d\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u5728\u65bc\uff1a\u7a76\u7adf\u8ab0\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u570b\u767c\u8072\uff1f\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u7279\u8272\u300d\u61c9\u7576\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u570b\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7684\u591a\u5143\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e2d\u570b\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u653f\u5e9c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8a31\u7570\u8b70\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a66\u5716\u53c3\u8207\u570b\u969b\u4eba\u6b0a\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u7dad\u6b0a\u4eba\u58eb\u5411\u4f86\u4e88\u4ee5\u963b\u6493\u6253\u58d3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7dad\u6b0a\u4eba\u58eb\u66f9\u9806\u5229\u57282013\u5e74\u524d\u5f80\u65e5\u5167\u74e6\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u62d8\u7559\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u62d8\u7559\u671f\u9593\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5317\u4eac\u9084\u7e7c\u7e8c\u58d3\u5236\u4e2d\u570b\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5176\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u7279\u8272\u300d\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u53ea\u5269\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5411\u58c1\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u300d\u7279\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

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\n

\u8a3b\u4e00\ufe30Thomas M. Franck. 1992. \u201cThe Emerging Right to Democratic Governance.\u201d American Journal of International Law<\/em>, vol. 86, 90.<\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u4e8c\ufe30Tom Ginsburg. 2020. \u201cAuthoritarian International Law?.\u201d American Journal of International Law<\/em>, vol. 114, 221.<\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u4e09\ufe30Id<\/em>. at 251.<\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u56db\ufe30See generally<\/em> Yu-Jie Chen. Forthcoming 2021. \u201c’Authoritarian International Law’ in Action? Tribal Politics in the Human Rights Council.\u201d Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, vol. 50.<\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u4e94\ufe30See generally<\/em> Yu-Jie Chen. 2019. \u201cChina\u2019s Challenge to the International Human Rights Regime.\u201d New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, vol. 51, 1179.<\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u516d\ufe30Sonya Sceats & Shaun Breslin. 2012. China and the International Human Rights System<\/em>. Chatham House, at 6, available at
\nhttps:\/www.chathamhouse.org\/sites\/default\/files\/public\/Research\/International%20Law\/r1012_sceatsbreslin.pdf<\/a>(last visited Dec. 9, 2021).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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