{"id":25961,"date":"2021-10-21T00:24:39","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T16:24:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/?p=25961"},"modified":"2021-10-21T06:49:53","modified_gmt":"2021-10-20T22:49:53","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%b0%88%e6%ac%84%e3%80%91%e8%99%9b%e8%a9%9e%e8%88%87%e5%8f%a5%e6%b3%95%e6%bc%94%e8%ae%8a%e7%9a%84%e9%97%9c%e4%bf%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/25961\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5c08\u6b04\u3011\u865b\u8a5e\u8207\u53e5\u6cd5\u6f14\u8b8a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2"},"content":{"rendered":"

1.\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u52d5\u8a5e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08verbal inflection\uff09\u7684\u7c21\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u50c5\u5177\u5099\u53e5\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u865b\u8a5e\u6d88\u5931\u662f\u8de8\u8a9e\u8a00\u6b77\u53f2\u6f14\u8b8a\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u8005\u4e5f\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a72\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7d71\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u8209\u5169\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u865b\u8a5e\u6216\u52d5\u8a5e\u5f62\u5f0f\u5982\u4f55\u5f15\u767c\u53e5\u6cd5\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5728\u672c\u7bc0\u5c07\u7c21\u4ecb\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u52d5\u8a5e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7c21\u5316\u8207\u52d5\u8a5e\u79fb\u4f4d\u6d88\u5931\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u5728\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u7b2c 2\u30013 \u7bc0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6f22\u8a9e\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u865b\u8a5e\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u5982\u4f55\u4fc3\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u554f\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u7522\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8a5e\u5e8f\uff08basic word order\uff09\u662f\u300c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u02d9\u52d5\u8a5e\u02d9\u8cd3\u8a9e\u300d\uff08SVO\uff09\uff0c\u52d5\u8a5e\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u4e3b\u8a9e\u8207\u8cd3\u8a9e\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5982\uff081a\uff09\u6240\u793a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u5169\u500b\u8a5e\u5e8f\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u4e3b\u8981\u52d5\u8a5e\u5fc5\u9808\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u8cd3\u8a9e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6642\u614b\uff08tense\/aspect\uff09\u7684\uff08\u52a9\uff09\u52d5\u8a5e\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u7dca\u8ddf\u5728\u4e3b\u8a9e\u4e4b\u5f8c\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u6210\u5206\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u52d5\u8a5e\u8207\u8cd3\u8a9e\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u82e5\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\u8a5e\u6642\uff0c\u52d5\u8a5e\u4e0d\u80fd\u96e2\u958b\u8cd3\u8a9e\u524d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u800c\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u8868\u793a\u6642\u614b\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982\uff081b\uff09\u6240\u793a\u3002\u53e5\u9996\u7684\u661f\u865f\u8868\u793a\u8a72\u4f8b\u53e5\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u300c__\u300d\u8868\u793a\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u539f\u4f4d\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u6eff\u8db3\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u8a5e\u5e8f\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u4f54\u64da\u4e3b\u8a9e\u5f8c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e26\u8868\u793a\u6642\u614b\uff0c\u5982\uff081c\uff09\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09a.I gave that book to you.
\nb.*I gave not __ that book to you.
\nc.I did not give that book to you.<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\uff08Early Modern English\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u52d5\u8a5e\u5728\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5\u4e2d\u80fd\u5920\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u8868\u793a\u6642\u614b\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f8b\u53e5\uff082\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u2018gave\u2019\u8d8a\u904e\u4e86\u5426\u5b9a\u8a5e\u800c\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u4e3b\u8a9e\u5f8c\u7684\u6642\u614b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f8b\uff082\uff09\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u70ba\u7576\u4ee3\u82f1\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09If I gave not __ this accompt to you \u2026. \u3000\uff081557\u5e74\uff1bRoberts 2007\uff1a57\uff09
\n\u2018If I did not give this account to you \u2026.\u2019<\/p>\n

Vikner\uff081997\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u79fb\u4f4d\u8207\u5426\u548c\u52d5\u8a5e\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5f62\u614b\uff08verbal morphology\uff09\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u5373\u8a72\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e2d\u8207\u4e3b\u8a9e\u914d\u5408\uff08agree\uff09\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u5f62\u614b\u8d8a\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u52d5\u8a5e\u79fb\u4f4d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u5f9e\u53e4\u82f1\u8a9e\u81f315\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\uff0c\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u914d\u5408\u76f8\u7576\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u7576\u4e3b\u8a9e\u70ba\u55ae\u6578\u4eba\u7a31\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7a31\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7686\u6709\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u5982\u8868 \uff083\uff09\u6240\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f8c\u4f86\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e2d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5340\u5225\u5247\u96a8\u8457\u6b77\u53f2\u6f14\u8b8a\u800c\u7c21\u5316\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u7576\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e5f\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u7a31 \u2018-s\u2019\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u52d5\u8a5e\u914d\u5408\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7c21\u5316\uff0c\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u79fb\u4f4d\u4e5f\u96a8\u4e4b\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff083\uff09
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u7c21\u4ecb\u52d5\u8a5e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u9020\u6210\u53e5\u6cd5\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u8a0e\u8ad6\u53e4\u6f22\u8a9e\u865b\u8a5e\u300c\u4e4b\u300d\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u5c0d\u6f22\u8a9e\u554f\u53e5\u7d50\u69cb\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u4e0a\u53e4\u6f22\u8a9e\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u6f22\u8a9e\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5dee\u5225<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u672c\u7bc0\u91dd\u5c0d\u6230\u570b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4e0a\u53e4\u6f22\u8a9e\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7a31\u300c\u5148\u79e6\u6f22\u8a9e\u300d\uff09\u4e2d\u4e3b\u53e5\uff08main clause\uff09\u8207\u5305\u5b55\u53e5\uff08embedded clause\uff09\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u7279\u9ede\u9032\u884c\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u5169\u8005\u5728\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u5373\u5305\u5b55\u53e5\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u540d\u7269\u5316\u7d50\u69cb\uff08nominalization\uff09\u5448\u73fe\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8a9e\u8207\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5e36\u6240\u6709\u683c\u6a19\u8a18\uff08genitive case marker\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u7b2c3\u7bc0\u4e5f\u5c07\u8ac7\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u53e4\u6f22\u8a9e\u6642\u671f\u6240\u6709\u683c\u6a19\u8a18\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5305\u5b55\u53e5\u4e5f\u96a8\u4e4b\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u6790\u70ba\u8207\u4e3b\u53e5\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u53e5\uff08finite clause\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5148\u79e6\u6f22\u8a9e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8a5e\u5e8f\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u82f1\u8a9e\u53ca\u73fe\u4ee3\u6f22\u8a9e\u540c\u6a23\u70baSVO\uff0c\u4e3b\u8a9e\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u52d5\u8a5e\u4e4b\u524d\u800c\u8cd3\u8a9e\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u52d5\u8a5e\u4e4b\u5f8c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u7279\u9ede\u662f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3001\u8cd3\u8a9e\u7686\u4e0d\u5e36\u683c\u4f4d\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee5\u7121\u6a19\u8a18\uff08unmarked\uff09 \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u5728\u4f8b\u53e5\uff084\uff09\u4e2d\u300c\u5b5f\u5b50\u300d\u7576\u4e3b\u8a9e\u800c\u300c\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u8cd3\u8a9e\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff084\uff09\u5b5f\u5b50\u898b\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u02d9\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0a\u300b\uff09
\n\u300c\u5b5f\u5b50\u62dc\u898b\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u5148\u79e6\u6f22\u8a9e\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u683c\u4f4d\u6a19\u8a18\u662f\u6240\u6709\u683c\u7684\u6a19\u8a18\u300c\u4e4b\u300d\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u540d\u8a5e\u6027\u7684\u6210\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6216\u4f5c\u70ba\u540d\u7269\u5316\u5305\u5b55\u53e5\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3002\u5728\u4f8b\u53e5\uff085a, b\uff09\u4e2d\u300c\u4e4b\u300d\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u70ba\u300c\u8af8\u4faf\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u53f8\u99ac\u4faf\u300d\u3002\u540d\u8a5e\u6027\u7684\u6210\u5206\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u4f5c\u70ba\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u6216\u8cd3\u8a9e\uff0c\u5982\u4f8b\uff084\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u5b5f\u5b50\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u300d\u5206\u5225\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8a9e\u53ca\u8cd3\u8a9e\u3002\u5728\uff085a\uff09\u4e2d\u300c\u8af8\u4faf\u4e4b\u5730\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u800c\uff085b\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u53f8\u99ac\u4faf\u4e4b\u5b50\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u8cd3\u8a9e\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff085\uff09a.\u8af8\u4faf\u4e4b\u5730\u65b9\u767e\u91cc\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u02d9\u544a\u5b50\u4e0b\u300b\uff09
\n\u300c\u8af8\u4faf\u7684\u571f\u5730\u65b9\u5713\u4e00\u767e\u91cc\u3002\u300d
\nb.\u53d4\u5411\u898b\u53f8\u99ac\u4faf\u4e4b\u5b50\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u300a\u570b\u8a9e\u02d9\u6649\u8a9e\u516b\u300b\uff09
\n\u300c\u53d4\u5411\u770b\u5230\u53f8\u99ac\u4faf\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u683c\u6a19\u8a18\u300c\u4e4b\u300d\u4e5f\u6709\u8868\u793a\u5305\u5b55\u53e5\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8a9e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5e36\u6709\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8a9e\u7684\u5305\u5b55\u53e5\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u540d\u7269\u5316\u7d50\u69cb\u5448\u73fe\uff08\u738b\u529b 1958\u3001\u5468\u6cd5\u9ad8 1959\u3001Yue 1998\u3001Djamouri 1999\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u540d\u7269\u5316\u7d50\u69cb\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u5920\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u6216\u8cd3\u8a9e\u3002\u4f8b\u53e5\uff086a\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u7269\u5316\u7d50\u69cb\u4f5c\u70ba\u611f\u77e5\u52d5\u8a5e\u300c\u77e5\u300d\u7684\u8cd3\u8a9e\uff0c\uff086b\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u7269\u5316\u7d50\u69cb\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8a9e\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff086\uff09a.\u81e3\u56fa\u77e5\u738b\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5fcd\u4e5f\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u02d9\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0a\u300b\uff09
\n\u300c\u6211\u539f\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u60a8\u6709\u300e\u4e0d\u5fcd\u300f\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002\u300d
\nb.\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u7121\u9053\u4e5f\u4e45\u77e3\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u02d9\u516b\u4f7e\u300b\uff09
\n\u300c\u5929\u4e0b\u4e82\u4ea1\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u4e45\u4e86\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u540d\u7269\u5316\u5305\u5b55\u53e5\u662f\u6b63\u53cd\u554f\u53e5\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u6b64\u985e\u554f\u53e5\u7531\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u5f0f\u8207\u5426\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4e26\u5217\u800c\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u662f\u975e\u7591\u554f\u3002\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u540d\u7269\u5316\u7684\u5305\u5b55\u53e5\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5176\u4e3b\u8a9e\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\u7d44\u9700\u8981\u5e36\u6240\u6709\u683c\u6a19\u8a18\u300c\u4e4b\u300d\u3002\u5305\u5b55\u7684\u554f\u53e5\u4e5f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u9593\u63a5\u554f\u53e5\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u7591\u554f\u8a9e\u6c23\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u5b50\u53e5\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u4ecd\u7136\u8868\u793a\u9673\u8ff0\u7684\u8a9e\u6c23\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff087\uff09a.\u662d\u4faf\u4ee5\u6b64\u5bdf\u5de6\u53f3\u4e4b\u8aa0\u4e0d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u5148\u79e6\uff1a\u300a\u97d3\u975e\u5b50\u02d9\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u7bc7 \u5167\u5132\u8aaa\u4e0a\u300b\uff09
\n\u300c\u97d3\u662d\u4faf\u5c31\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u8003\u5bdf\u8eab\u908a\u4f8d\u5f9e\u7684\u5fe0\u8aa0\u4e0d\u5fe0\u8aa0\u3002\u300d
\nb.\u5ba6\u4e09\u5e74\u77e3\uff0c\u672a\u77e5\u6bcd\u4e4b\u5b58\u5426\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u5148\u79e6\uff1a\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u5de6\u50b3\u02d9\u5ba3\u516c\u4e8c\u5e74\u300b\uff09
\n\u300c\u6211\u5916\u51fa\u6c42\u5b78\u4e09\u5e74\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6bcd\u89aa\u7684\u751f\u6b7b\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5148\u79e6\u6f22\u8a9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u985e\u554f\u53e5\u50c5\u80fd\u5920\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5305\u5b55\u53e5\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u7591\u554f\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u6f22\u8a9e\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u6b63\u53cd\u554f\u53e5\uff0c\u4f46\u8207\u5148\u79e6\u6f22\u8a9e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u6f22\u8a9e\u53ef\u7528\u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u554f\u53e5\uff08\u5982 8a\uff09\u6216\u5305\u5b55\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u9593\u63a5\u554f\u53e5\uff08\u5982 8b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff088\uff09a.\u5c0f\u738b\u5728\u4e0d\u5728\uff1f
\nb.\u8001\u674e\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u5c0f\u738b\u5728\u4e0d\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d9c\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5148\u79e6\u6f22\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u53e5\u8207\u5305\u5b55\u53e5\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u70ba\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u7531\u540d\u7269\u5316\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u9700\u8981\u5e36\u6240\u6709\u683c\u6a19\u8a18\u300c\u4e4b\u300d\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u7b2c3\u7bc0\u5c07\u7c21\u8ff0\u65e9\u671f\u4e2d\u53e4\u6f22\u8a9e\uff08\u79e6\u6f22\u6642\u671f\uff09\u4e2d\u300c\u4e4b\u300d\u7684\u8870\u9000\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u8870\u9000\u5f8c\u6240\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u6f14\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u65e9\u671f\u4e2d\u53e4\u6f22\u8a9e\u8207\u300c\u4e4b\u300d\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u6f14\u8b8a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u300c\u4e4b\u300d\u5728\u897f\u6f22\u6642\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u6d88\u5931\u3002\uff089a\uff09\u53ca\uff089b\uff09\u7684\u4f8b\u53e5\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u500b\u8868\u793a\u300c\u8af8\u4faf\u7684\u571f\u5730\u300d\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\u7d44\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u4f5c\u70ba\u8cd3\u8a9e\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5148\u79e6\u6f22\u8a9e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50 \uff089a\uff09\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u300c\u8af8\u4faf\u300d\u5e36\u6240\u6709\u683c\u6a19\u8a18\u300c\u4e4b\u300d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u897f\u6f22\u6642\u671f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff089b\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u683c\u4f4d\u6a19\u8a18\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u5728\u897f\u6f22\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6f22\u8a9e\uff0c\u300c\u4e4b\u300d\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u683c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u8870\u9000\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff089\uff09a.\u8af8\u4faf\u4e4b\u5730\u65b9\u767e\u91cc\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u5148\u79e6\uff1a\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u02d9\u544a\u5b50\u4e0b\u300b\uff09
\n\u300c\u8af8\u4faf\u7684\u571f\u5730\u65b9\u5713\u4e00\u767e\u91cc\u3002\u300d
\nb.\u4fb5\u596a\u8af8\u4faf\u5730\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u897f\u6f22\uff1a\u300a\u53f2\u8a18\u02d9\u5433\u738b\u6fde\u5217\u50b3\u300b\uff09
\n\u300c\u4fb5\u596a\u8af8\u4faf\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\u5305\u5b55\u53e5\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8a9e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u683c\u6a19\u8a18\u300c\u4e4b\u300d\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8209\u611f\u77e5\u52d5\u8a5e\u8cd3\u8a9e\u53e5\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u5148\u79e6\u6f22\u8a9e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0810a\uff09\u3001\uff0811a\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u5b55\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\u7686\u5e36\u6240\u6709\u683c\u6a19\u8a18\u300c\u4e4b\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u897f\u6f22\u6642\u671f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0811b\uff09\u3001\uff0811b\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u5305\u5b55\u53e5\u4e3b\u8a9e\u4ee5\u7121\u6a19\u8a18\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff0810\uff09a.\u81e3\u56fa\u77e5\u738b\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5fcd\u4e5f\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u5148\u79e6\uff1a\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u02d9\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0a\u300b\uff09
\n\u300c\u6211\u539f\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u60a8\u6709\u300e\u4e0d\u5fcd\u300f\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002\u300d
\nb.\u5be1\u4eba\u5df2\u77e5\u5c07\u8ecd\u80fd\u7528\u5175\u77e3\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u897f\u6f22\uff1a\u300a\u53f2\u8a18\u02d9\u5b6b\u5b50\u5433\u8d77\u5217\u50b3\u300b\uff09
\n\u300c\u5be1\u4eba\u5df2\u77e5\u9053\u5c07\u8ecd\u5584\u65bc\u7528\u5175\u4e86\u3002\u300d
\n\uff0811\uff09a.\u61fc\u541b\u5a01\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7acb\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u5148\u79e6\uff1a\u300a\u5de6\u50b3\u02d9\u54c0\u516c\u4e03\u5e74\u300b\uff09
\n\u300c\u662f\u6015\u541b\u738b\u7684\u5a01\u5fb7\u4e0d\u518d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u300d
\nb.\u79e6\u6b32\u653b\u97d3\uff0c\u6050\u5929\u4e0b\u6551\u4e4b\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u897f\u6f22\uff1a\u300a\u53f2\u8a18\u02d9\u8607\u79e6\u5217\u50b3\u300b\uff09
\n\u300c\u79e6\u570b\u6253\u7b97\u9032\u653b\u97d3\u570b\uff0c\u64d4\u5fc3\u5929\u4e0b\u8af8\u4faf\u6551\u63f4\u5b83\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u5145\u7576\u4e3b\u8a9e\u5b50\u53e5\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e5f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5148\u79e6\u6f22\u8a9e\u7684\u4f8b\u53e5\uff0812a\uff09\u4e2d\u5b50\u53e5\u4e3b\u8a9e\u5e36\u300c\u4e4b\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u897f\u6f22\u6642\u671f\u7684\u4f8b\u53e5\uff0812b\uff09\u4e2d\u5b50\u53e5\u4e3b\u8a9e\u6c92\u6709\u683c\u4f4d\u6a19\u8a18\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff0812\uff09a.\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u7121\u9053\u4e5f\u4e45\u77e3\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u5148\u79e6\uff1a\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u02d9\u516b\u4f7e\u300b\uff09
\n\u300c\u5929\u4e0b\u4e82\u4ea1\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u4e45\u4e86\u3002\u300d
\nb.\u5929\u4e0b\u7121\u9053\u4e45\u77e3\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u897f\u6f22\uff1a\u300a\u53f2\u8a18\u02d9\u5b54\u5b50\u4e16\u5bb6\u300b)
\n\u300c\u5929\u4e0b\u5931\u53bb\u5e38\u9053\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u4e45\u4e86\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

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\uff0813\uff09a.\u85cf\u8005\u8ad6\u4e0d\u8ad6\uff1f\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u6ce8\u4e00\uff09
\n\u300c\u85cf\u9322\u7684\u61c9\u5426\u8ad6\u7f6a\uff1f\u300d
\nb.\u5176\u66f9\u4eba\u7576\u6cbb\uff08\u7b1e\uff09\u4e0d\u7576\uff1f\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u6ce8\u4e8c\uff09
\n\u300c\u5176\u540c\u73ed\u5de5\u5320\u61c9\u5426\u7b54\u6253\uff1f\u300d<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\u5982\uff0814\uff09\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6b63\u53cd\u554f\u53e5\u5728\u4e2d\u53e4\u6f22\u8a9e\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5305\u5b55\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b50\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8a9e\uff08\uff0814\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u543e\u820c\u300d\uff09\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u5e36\u683c\u4f4d\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u7121\u6a19\u8a18\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff0814\uff09\u8996\u543e\u820c\u5c1a\u5728\u4e0d\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\uff08\u897f\u6f22\uff1a\u300a\u53f2\u8a18\u02d9\u5f35\u5100\u5217\u50b3\u300b\uff09
\n\u300c\u4f60\u770b\u770b\u6211\u7684\u820c\u982d\u9084\u5728\u4e0d\u5728\uff1f\u300d<\/p>\n

\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u5728\u6f22\u8a9e\u4e2d\u6b63\u53cd\u554f\u53e5\u5f9e\u6b64\u958b\u59cb\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u662f\u975e\u554f\u53e5\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u6f22\u8a9e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53e5\u6cd5\u6f14\u8b8a\u662f\u6e90\u8d77\u65bc\u4e2d\u53e4\u6f22\u8a9e\u4e2d\u865b\u8a5e\u300c\u4e4b\u300d\u7684\u8870\u9000\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u548c\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e00\u6a23\u50c5\u6709\u53e5\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8a5e\u7db4\u6216\u865b\u8a5e\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u6210\u70ba\u53e5\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\u6f14\u8b8a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u6ce8\u4e00\uff1a\u79e6\u5893\u7af9\u7c21\u300a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u554f\u7b54\u300b\uff1b\u738b\u8f1d 2000: 177\u9801 (182)
\n\u6ce8\u4e8c\uff1a\u79e6\u5893\u7af9\u7c21\u300a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u554f\u7b54\u300b\uff1b\u738b\u8f1d 2000: 164\u9801 (13)<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b
\nDjamouri, Redouane(1999). The evolution of ZHI \u4e4b in Archaic Chinese. In Alain Peyraube & Sun Chaofen (eds.), Linguistic essays in honor of Mei Tsu-lin: Studies on Chinese historical syntax and morphology<\/em> (33-47). Paris: Centre de Recherches Linguistiques sur l\u2019Asie Orientale.
\nRoberts, Ian(2007). Diachronic Syntax<\/em>. Oxford University Press.
\nVikner, Sten(1997). V-to-I movement and inflection for person in all tenses. In Liliane Haegeman (ed), The New Comparative Syntax<\/em>(198-213). London: Longman.
\nYue, Anne O.(1998). Zhi in Pre-Qin Chinese. T\u2019oung Pao<\/em> 84: 239-292.<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u53e5\u7ffb\u8b6f
\n\u738b\u529b\uff082004\uff09\uff0c\u6f22\u8a9e\u53f2\u7a3f\uff0c\u4e2d\u83ef\u66f8\u5c40\u3002
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