{"id":25407,"date":"2021-08-26T00:03:59","date_gmt":"2021-08-25T16:03:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/?p=25407"},"modified":"2021-08-25T16:00:31","modified_gmt":"2021-08-25T08:00:31","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%b0%88%e6%ac%84%e3%80%91%e8%b6%85%e6%96%b0%e6%98%9f%e7%88%86%e7%82%b8%e8%88%87%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e7%9a%84%e8%b5%b7%e6%ba%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/25407\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5c08\u6b04\u3011\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u8207\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u662f\u6046\u661f\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6642\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5287\u70c8\u7206\u70b8\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u767c\u51fa\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u4eae\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u8ddd\u96e2\u6211\u5011\u5920\u8fd1\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u77ed\u66ab\u6210\u70ba\u5929\u7a7a\u4e2d\u8089\u773c\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u4eae\u661f\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u524d\u4f86\u4f5c\u5ba2\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u7d93\u5e38\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5ba2\u661f\u300d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b8b\u4ec1\u5b97\u81f3\u548c\u5143\u5e74\uff08\u897f\u51431054\u5e74\uff09\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u300c\u5929\u95dc\u5ba2\u661f\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u9846\u7a81\u5982\u5176\u4f86\u7684\u661f\u661f\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u5728\u5929\u7a7a\u4e2d\u767c\u4eae\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b8b\u4ee3\u53f2\u7c4d\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5c11\u7d00\u9304\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u300d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u5230\u4e861930\u5e74\u4ee3\u624d\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u5b78\u8005\u958b\u59cb\u61f7\u7591\u87f9\u72c0\u661f\u96f2\uff08Crab Nebula\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8207\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8b49\u64da\u30021942\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8377\u862d\u6f22\u5b78\u5bb6\u6234\u805e\u9054\uff08J. J. L. Duyvendak\uff09\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u6885\u8036\u723e\uff08Nicholas Mayall\uff09\u3001\u8377\u862d\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u6b50\u7279\uff08Jan Oort\uff09\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u53f2\u7c4d\u7ffb\u627e\u51fa\u897f\u51431054\u5e74\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\u7d00\u9304\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u30021054\u5e74\u7684\u9019\u9846\u300c\u5ba2\u661f\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u7206\u767c\u6642\u9593\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u90fd\u8207\u87f9\u72c0\u661f\u96f2\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u73fe\u4ee3\u5b78\u8005\u9084\u539f\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4eae\u5ea6\u8207\u4eae\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5316\u66f2\u7dda\uff0c\u90fd\u8207\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u76f8\u7b26\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u53f2\u7c4d\u7684\u7d00\u9304\uff0c\u300c\u87f9\u72c0\u661f\u96f2\u662f\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u6b98\u9ab8\u300d\u9019\u9805\u95dc\u9375\u9023\u7d50\u7d42\u65bc\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u70ba\u6b64\u5f8c\u87f9\u72c0\u661f\u96f2\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5929\u6587\u7269\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u737b\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u9019\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u6838\u878d\u5408\u53cd\u61c9\u5230\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u767c\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5b87\u5b99\u6f14\u5316\u548c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u5361\u723e\uff0e\u85a9\u6839\uff08Carl Sagan\uff09\u6709\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u5b87\u5b99\u5c31\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7531\u661f\u5875\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u8a8d\u8b58\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u3002\uff08The cosmos is within us. We are made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself.\uff09\u300d\u65e9\u671f\u5b87\u5b99\u53ea\u6709\u6c2b\u3001\u6c26\u7b49\u8f15\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u751f\u547d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u91cd\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6046\u661f\u662f\u91cd\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5de5\u5ee0\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u6838\u878d\u5408\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5c07\u5404\u7a2e\u91cd\u5143\u7d20\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u7531\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7b49\u6a5f\u5236\u91cb\u653e\u5230\u74b0\u5883\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u624d\u6210\u70ba\u69cb\u6210\u5730\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u8207\u751f\u547d\u9ad4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u592a\u967d\u7cfb\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u524d\u4e00\u4ee3\u6046\u661f\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u91cd\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u624d\u6709\u69cb\u6210\u751f\u547d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6210\u5206\u3002\u5728\u9695\u77f3\u4e2d\u7684\u5bcc\u542b\u9223\u92c1\u593e\u96dc\u7269\uff08Calcium\u2013aluminium-rich inclusion\uff1b\u7c21\u7a31CAI\uff09\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u542b\u91cf\u7570\u5e38\u9ad8\u7684\u92c1-26\u3001\u9435-60\u7b49\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f86\u81ea\u5f9e\u524d\u7684\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\uff0c\u662f\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u5728\u592a\u967d\u7cfb\u8a95\u751f\u6642\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u9322\u5353\u62c9X\u5c04\u7dda\u5929\u6587\u53f0\uff08Chandra X-ray Observatory\uff09\u62cd\u651d\u7684\u4ed9\u540e\u5ea7A\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u6b98\u9ab8\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5229\u7528\u5149\u8b5c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u5404\u7a2e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u91cd\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aNASA\/CXC\/SAO\uff09https:\/chandra.harvard.edu\/photo\/2017\/casa_life\/<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

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\"\"

\u8d85\u7d1a\u96fb\u8166\u6a21\u64ec\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u4e09\u7dad\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6d41\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u4f34\u96a8\u7206\u70b8\u4e00\u8d77\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7d0a\u6d41\u80fd\u6539\u8b8a\u7206\u70b8\u6642\u6240\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8207\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\u91cf\u3002\uff08\u9673\u79d1\u69ae\u63d0\u4f9b\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong>
\nChen, K. J., Woosley, S. E., & Whalen, D. J. (2020). Three-dimensional Simulations of Magnetar-powered Superluminous Supernovae. The Astrophysical Journal, 893<\/em>(2), 99.
\nFields, B. D., et al. (2020). Supernova triggers for end-Devonian extinctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117<\/em>(35), 21008-21010.
\nFrisch, P., & Dwarkadas, V. V. (2018). Effect of supernovae on the local interstellar material. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.06223<\/em>.
\nMayall, N. U., & Oort, J. H. (1942). Further data bearing on the identification of the Crab Nebula with the supernova of 1054 AD Part II. The astronomical aspects. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 54<\/em>(318), 95-104.
\nOtt, U. (2017). Isotope Variations in the Solar System: Supernova Fingerprints. Handbook of Supernovae<\/em>, 2331.
\nOu, P. S., & Chen, K. J. (2019). Is There a Critical Metallicity of Mass Loss in Massive Star Evolution?. Supernova Remnants: An Odyssey in Space after Stellar Death II<\/em>, 87.
\nWallner, A., Froehlich et al. (2021). 60Fe and 244Pu deposited on Earth constrain the r-process yields of recent nearby supernovae. Science, 372<\/em>(6543), 742-745.<\/p>\n

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