{"id":23905,"date":"2021-01-28T00:03:32","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T16:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/?p=23905"},"modified":"2021-08-26T08:34:52","modified_gmt":"2021-08-26T00:34:52","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%b0%88%e6%ac%84%e3%80%91%e5%be%9e%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e3%80%81%e8%9b%8b%e7%99%bd%e8%b3%aa%e3%80%81%e5%88%b0%e5%8c%96%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9-%e5%a4%a9%e7%84%b6%e7%89%a9%e4%b9%8b%e7%94%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/23905\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5c08\u6b04\u3011\u5f9e\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3001\u5230\u5316\u5408\u7269\u2014\u5929\u7136\u7269\u4e4b\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8001\u5b50\u9053\u5fb7\u7d93\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u9053\u751f\u4e00\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e8c\u751f\u4e09\uff0c\u4e09\u751f\u842c\u7269\u3002\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u9053\uff0c\u8001\u5b50\u537b\u4e5f\u8a9e\u7109\u4e0d\u8a73\uff0c\u662f\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u9053\u53ef\u9053\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9053\u3002\u300d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u537b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8d70\u9019\u500b\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u5f9e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u5938\u514b\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u7aae\u6975\u6240\u80fd\u5730\u63a2\u5c0b\uff0c\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ecd\u7121\u6cd5\u5168\u7136\u53c3\u900f\u8001\u5b50\u7684\u300c\u9053\u300d(\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6cd5\u5247)\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u80e1\u9069\u5148\u751f\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u8fd1\u4e00\u5bf8\u6709\u4e00\u5bf8\u7684\u6b61\u559c\u3002\u300d\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u8fd1\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9365\u800c\u4e0d\u6368\u5730\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ecd\u5df2\u5f97\u5230\u5353\u7136\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5247\u5f9e\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3001RNA\u3001DNA\u4e00\u76f4\u8ffd\u6eaf\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u89e3\u6790\u842c\u7269\u751f\u9577\u6f14\u8b8a\u7684\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u773c\u5149\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u300c\u9053\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u6247\u9580\uff0c\u82e5\u80fd\u89e3\u6790\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u7de8\u78bc\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5176\u7522\u7269\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u751f\u9577\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5929\u7136\u7269? \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u8981\u751f\u7522\u5929\u7136\u7269?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5929\u7136\u7269(Natural products)\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\uff0c\u5982\u690d\u7269\u3001\u771f\u83cc\u3001\u7d30\u83cc\u7b49\uff0c\u6240\u751f\u7522\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u751f\u7269\u6d3b\u6027\u6216\u85e5\u7406\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u81e8\u5e8a\u4e0a\u7528\u4f86\u6cbb\u7642\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u85e5\u7269\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u5929\u7136\u7269\u6216\u662f\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7269\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u7269\u4e5f\u6709\u8457\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u9999\u6599\u3001\u8272\u7d20\u3001\u67d3\u6599\u3001\u71df\u990a\u6210\u5206\u3001\u690d\u7269\u8377\u723e\u8499\u2026\u7b49(\u5716\u4e00)\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u5716\u4e00\u3001\u7531\u5404\u7a2e\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\uff0c\u5982\u7d30\u83cc\u3001\u9ef4\u83cc\u3001\u8548\u985e\u3001\u690d\u7269\u7b49\uff0c\u6240\u751f\u7522\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7269\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n

\u5929\u7136\u7269\u53c8\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u4e8c\u6b21\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7269(secondary metabolites)\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5c0d\u65bc\u751f\u9577\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7269\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u751f\u7522\u4e8c\u6b21\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7269\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u9020\u6210\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u70ba\u4f55\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u8981\u751f\u7522\u5929\u7136\u7269?<\/p>\n

\u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u63d0\u4f9b\u6f14\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5929\u7136\u7269\u53ef\u5728\u5171\u751f\u6216\u5bc4\u751f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u7269\u7a2e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u50b3\u905e\u5316\u5b78\u5206\u5b50\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d64\u9ef4\u83cc(Gibberella fujikuroi<\/em>)\u6703\u751f\u7522\u4e00\u7a2e\u841c\u985e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u2012gibberellin\uff0c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u690d\u7269\u6fc0\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u690d\u7269\u751f\u9577\u548c\u7a2e\u5b50\u840c\u82bd\uff1b\u800c\u8a31\u591a\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u6240\u751f\u7522\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7269\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7d30\u80de\u6bd2\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u7a2e\u4e4b\u9593\uff0e\u7528\u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e92\u76f8\u7af6\u722d\u3001\u6355\u98df\u3001\u6216\u81ea\u6211\u9632\u79a6\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u82e5\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u77ad\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7269\u6d3b\u6027\u4e4b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5247\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5728\u57fa\u790e\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u8fb2\u696d\u3001\u91ab\u85e5\u4e0a\u6709\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d3b\u6027\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u5206\u96e2\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\u9451\u5b9a\u4ee5\u53ca\u91ab\u85e5\u61c9\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u5f9e\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5f9e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5075\u6e2c\u3001\u5206\u96e2\u3001\u7d14\u5316\u81f3\u55ae\u4e00\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u7d50\u6676\uff0c\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u6642\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u91d1\u96de\u7d0d\u6a39\u7684\u6a39\u76ae\u4e2d\u8403\u53d6\u51fa\u594e\u5be7(quinine)\u3001\u5f9e\u7f4c\u7c9f\u82b1\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u55ce\u5561(morphine)\u7b49\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ecd\u5c1a\u7121\u6cd5\u78ba\u5b9a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n

1950\u5e74\u4ee3X\u5c04\u7dda\u6676\u9ad4\u5b78\u7684\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u5c64\u6b21\u89e3\u6790\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u800c\u5927\u7d04\u5f9e1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u5149\u8b5c\u5100\u4ee5\u53ca\u8cea\u8b5c\u5100\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u5730\u5e36\u52d5\u4e86\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5ee3\u5927\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5176\u7d55\u5c0d\u7acb\u9ad4\u69cb\u578b\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cbe\u78ba\u5730\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u555f\u767c\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u65bc\u5316\u5b78\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u751f\u7269\u548c\u85e5\u7406\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ca2\u737b\u5728\u91ab\u85e5\u61c9\u7528\u4e0a\uff0c\u6838\u51c6\u7576\u4f5c\u81e8\u5e8a\u6cbb\u7642\u85e5\u7269\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u5929\u7136\u7269\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u7528\u4f86\u6cbb\u7642\u7627\u75be\u7684\u9752\u84bf\u7d20(artemisinin)\u3001\u6cbb\u7642\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u7d2b\u6749\u9187(taxol)\u3001\u4f5c\u70ba\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7684\u9752\u9ef4\u7d20(penicillin)\u548c\u7d05\u9ef4\u7d20(erythromycin)\u7b49(\u5716\u4e00)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u6642\u4ee3\u2014\u5929\u7136\u7269\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7531\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u5408\u6210\u51fa\u4f86?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5929\u7136\u7269\u5728\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u5167\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u5408\u6210\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff1f\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5316\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6a19\u5b9a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c07\u6a19\u5b9a\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u524d\u9a45\u7269\u7d93\u7531\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u4ee3\u8b1d\u5f8c\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6a19\u5b9a\u539f\u5b50\u5728\u7522\u7269\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u4e4b\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u63a8\u6e2c\u5176\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b9a\u5e8f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u6280\u8853\u7684\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f97\u4ee5\u5f9e\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210(biosynthesis)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7269(primary metabolites)\u7576\u4f5c\u5408\u6210\u539f\u6599(\u5716\u4e8c)\uff0c\u6216\u7a31\u7a4d\u6728\u55ae\u5143(building block)\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u6a02\u9ad8\u7d44\u88dd\u822c\u5730\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u5316\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u9a5f\u7684\u7d44\u88dd\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u53cd\u61c9\u662f\u7531\u86cb\u767d\u8cea(\u6216\u7a31\u9176\u3001\u9175\u7d20\uff0cenzyme)\u6240\u50ac\u5316\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u591a\u6b65\u9a5f\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u9032\u884c\u5929\u7136\u7269\u5408\u6210\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u7a31\u70ba\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91(biosynthetic pathway)\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u5716\u4e8c\u3001\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n

\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u7d30\u83cc\u548c\u771f\u83cc\u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91\u4e4b\u76f8\u95dc\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u5728\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u7fa4\u96c6\u7684\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u57fa\u56e0\u7c07(biosynthetic gene clusters)\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u900f\u9732\u8457\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u751f\u7522\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5df2\u7de8\u78bc\u5728\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8207\u841c\u985e\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91\u4e4b\u6c27\u5316\u9176<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u841c\u985e(terpenoids)\u662f\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5404\u7a2e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u9999\u6599\u5982\u8584\u8377\u9187(menthol)\u3001\u6cb9\u756b\u7528\u7684\u677e\u7bc0\u6cb9(turpentine)\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u81e8\u5e8a\u7528\u85e5\uff0c\u5982\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u3001\u7d2b\u6749\u9187\u7b49\u3002\u841c\u985e\u662f\u7531\u5177\u6709\u4e94\u500b\u78b3\u7684isoprene\u55ae\u5143(C5)\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7269(C5n)\uff0c\u5f9e\u76f4\u93c8\u7684isoprene diphosphate\u7576\u4f5c\u8d77\u59cb\u7269\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u841c\u985e\u74b0\u5316\u9176(terpene cyclase)\u5bb6\u65cf\u50ac\u5316\u74b0\u5316\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u74b0\u7684\u4e3b\u7d50\u69cb(core scaffold)\uff0c\u518d\u7531\u5404\u7a2e\u50ac\u5316\u9176\u9032\u884c\u5316\u5b78\u4fee\u98fe\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u841c\u985e\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u591a\u6a23\u6027(\u5716\u4e09)\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u5716\u4e09\u3001\u841c\u985e\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5isoprene\u70ba\u55ae\u5143(C5)\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u7d44\u6210\u5316\u5b78\u9aa8\u67b6(C5n)\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d50\u69cb\u4fee\u98fe\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7a31\u70ba\u841c\u985e\u5929\u7136\u7269\u3002\u5728\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u884d\u751f\u81eaisoprene\u55ae\u5143\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u4ee5\u7d05\u8272\u3001\u6a58\u8272\u3001\u7c89\u7d05\u8272\u3001\u85cd\u8272\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n

\u841c\u985e\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u61c9\u6240\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u78b3\u2012\u6c2b\u9375\u6d3b\u5316(C\u2012H functionalization)\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c07\u78b3\u6c2b\u9375\u5207\u65b7\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u78b3\u2012\u78b3\u3001\u78b3\u2012\u6c27\u3001\u6216\u78b3\u2012\u6c2e\u7b49\u9375\u7d50\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u78b3\u2012\u6c2b\u9375\u7684\u9375\u80fd\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u7522\u751f\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6eab\u548c\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u5730\u9032\u884c\u78b3\u2012\u6c2b\u9375\u6d3b\u5316\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5176\u6311\u6230\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u61c9\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u841c\u985e\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u5e7e\u7a2e\u7531P450\u6c27\u5316\u9176(P450 monoxygenases)\u6240\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u7279\u5225\u7684\u78b3\u2012\u6c2b\u9375\u6d3b\u5316\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u8207\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u5316\u5b78\u6240\u9673\u69ae\u5091\u8001\u5e2b\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5831\u5c0e\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5225\u7684P450\u6c27\u5316\u9176AtyI\uff0c\u53ef\u50ac\u5316\u591a\u6b65\u9a5f\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5c07isoprene\u55ae\u5143\u7684\u884d\u751f\u57fa\u5718\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u5177\u67091,3-\u70ef\u7f3a\u5b98\u80fd\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n

P450\u6c27\u5316\u9176AtyI\u50ac\u5316\u96d9\u91cd\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5c07\u7570\u620a\u4e8c\u70ef\u57fa\u8f49\u62101,3-\u70ef\u7094<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u70ef\u7094\u5b98\u80fd\u57fa\u5728\u6709\u6a5f\u5408\u6210\u3001\u6750\u6599\u548c\u85e5\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u6709\u8457\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u70ba\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5b98\u80fd\u57fa\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5316\u5b78\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u5408\u6210\u70ef\u7094\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u5982\u4f55\u50ac\u5316\u70ef\u7094\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4ecd\u4e86\u89e3\u751a\u5c11\u3002\u6211\u5011\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u70ef\u7094\u5b98\u80fd\u57fa\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u9176\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5b89\u88dd\u4e0a\u9019\u7a2e\u5316\u5b78\u57fa\u5718\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u571f\u58e4\u5206\u96e2\u7684\u771f\u83ccAspergillus<\/em> sp. PSU-RSPG185\uff0c\u66fe\u88ab\u5831\u5c0e\u6703\u751f\u7522\u5177\u6709\u70ef\u7094\u7684asperpentyn\u5929\u7136\u7269(\u5716\u56db)\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6975\u70ba\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91\u548c\u53c3\u8207\u9176\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5b9a\u5e8f\u4e86\u9019\u682a\u771f\u83cc\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u751f\u7269\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684asperpentyn\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u57fa\u56e0\u7c07\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u7c07(\u7a31\u70baaty<\/em>) (\u5716\u56dba)\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u57fa\u56e0\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u6211\u5011\u63a8\u6e2c\u7684asperpentyn\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6b64\u57fa\u56e0\u7c07\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u6703\u751f\u7522\u70ef\u7094\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u771f\u83cc\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u5716\u56db\u3001(a) \u841c\u985e\u5929\u7136\u7269\u2014asperpentyn\uff0c\u5728\u771f\u83ccAspergillus<\/em> sp. PSU-RSPG185\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u57fa\u56e0\u7c07\uff1b(b) P450\u6c27\u5316\u9176AtyI\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u5c07\u7570\u620a\u4e8c\u70ef\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u9032\u884c\u812b\u6c2b\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9806\u5f0f\u4e8c\u70ef\u4e2d\u9593\u9ad4\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5177\u6709\u7094\u9176\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u50ac\u53161,3-\u70ef\u7094\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n

\u6211\u5011\u5229\u7528\u91c0\u9152\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc(Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/em>)\u7570\u6e90\u8868\u9054\u7cfb\u7d71(heterologous expression)\uff0c\u8868\u9054aty<\/em>\u57fa\u56e0\u7c07\u4e0a\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u4e26\u5229\u7528\u9935\u990a\u5be6\u9a57\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u7684\u9176\u53cd\u61c9\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u78ba\u8a8d\u7de8\u78bc\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7279\u7684P450\u6c27\u5316\u9176AtyI\uff0c\u8a72\u9176\u5177\u6709\u96d9\u91cd\u50ac\u5316\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u50ac\u5316\u7570\u620a\u4e8c\u70ef\u93c8\u7684\u812b\u6c2b\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9806\u5f0f\u4e8c\u70ef\u4e2d\u9593\u9ad4\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u5177\u6709\u7094\u9176\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u751f\u7522\u7094\u70f4\uff0c\u5f97\u52301,3-\u70ef\u7094(\u5716\u56dbb)\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u88fd\u5099\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53d7\u8cea\u884d\u751f\u7269\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u9593\u9ad4\u985e\u4f3c\u7269\uff0c\u89e3\u6790AtyI\u5408\u6210\u70ef\u7094\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u767c\u73feAtyI\u5fc5\u9808\u8fa8\u8a8d\u9806\u5f0f\u70ef\u57fa\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u767c\u63ee\u7094\u9176\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7a4e\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u5229\u7528\u9176\u5de5\u5177\u5408\u62101,3-\u70ef\u7f3a\u5b98\u80fd\u57fa[1]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7834\u89e3\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5bc6\u78bc\uff0c\u5728\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u61c9\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e86\u89e3\u57fa\u56e0\u7de8\u78bc\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u9054\u8ff4\u8def\uff0c\u8abf\u6574\u5404\u8ff4\u8def\u7684\u8868\u9054\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684\u539f\u6599\u88dc\u7d66\uff0c\u5728\u9069\u7576\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u9054\u7d30\u80de\u5de5\u5ee0(\u5982\u7d30\u83cc\u3001\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u690d\u7269\u7b49)\uff0c\u9054\u6210\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u751f\u7522\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u690d\u7269\u5929\u7136\u7269\u2014\u9752\u84bf\u7d20[2]\u3001\u55ce\u5561(morphine)[3]\u548c\u5927\u9ebb\u915a(cannabinoids)[4]\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e26\u751f\u7522\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u7684\u9176\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u958b\u767c\u751f\u7269\u50ac\u5316\u5291(biocatalysts)\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u5de5\u696d\u88fd\u7a0b\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u4f8b\u5b50\u5982\uff0c\u91af\u57fa\u8f49\u79fb\u9176(acyltransferase) LovD\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u512a\u5316\u5176\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u53d7\u8cea\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5df2\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u964d\u8840\u8102\u85e5\u7269simvastatin\u7684\u88fd\u6210\uff0c\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u6e1b\u5c11\u80fd\u6e90\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u5316\u5b78\u8a66\u5291\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u539f\u672c\u5229\u7528\u5316\u5b78\u8a66\u5291\u5408\u6210\u4e4b\u88fd\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5[5]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u822a\u6d77\u6642\u4ee3\u2014\u5c1a\u5f85\u767c\u6398\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u9176\u5bf6\u85cf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6839\u64da\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4fe1\u689d(The Central Dogma\uff0c\u6216\u7a31\u6838\u9178\u63a7\u5236\u86cb\u767d\u6cd5\u5247)\uff0c\u5c07\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5e8f\u5217\u9032\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u80fd\u5920\u63a8\u6e2c\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u80fd\u5920\u8868\u9054\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5bb6\u65cf\u548c\u985e\u578b\u4e4b\u6f5b\u529b\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5df2\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5929\u7136\u7269\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u53c3\u8207\u57fa\u56e0\u4e4b\u529f\u80fd\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7121\u6cd5\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u7531\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u5176\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u7522\u5316\u5408\u7269\u70ba\u4f55\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d581\u500b\u771f\u83cc\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u50c5\u6709\u7d043%\u6578\u76ee\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u57fa\u56e0\u7c07\uff0c\u662f\u5df2\u7531\u7814\u7a76\u9a57\u8b49\u5176\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ecd\u6709\u7d0497%\u6578\u76ee\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u57fa\u56e0\u7c07\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u4ecd\u662f\u5c1a\u5f85\u767c\u6398[6]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u5c1a\u672a\u4e86\u89e3\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u548c\u9176\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5229\u7528\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u7b56\u7565\u9032\u884c\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u671f\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u65b0\u7a4e\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u9176\u5bf6\u85cf\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u8207\u5176\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7269\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u3002\u5404\u7a2e\u65b0\u7a4e\u9176\u5316\u5b78\u50ac\u5316\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5c07\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5229\u7528\u751f\u7269\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

Reference:<\/strong>
\n[1] Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.<\/em>, 2020<\/strong>, 59, 13537 \u201313541
\n[2] Nature<\/em>, 2013<\/strong>, 496, 528\u2013532
\n[3] Science<\/em>, 2015<\/strong>, 349, 1095\u20131100
\n[4] Nature<\/em>, 2019<\/strong>, 567, 123\u2013126
\n[5] https:\/www.epa.gov\/greenchemistry\/presidential-green-chemistry-challenge-2012-greener-synthetic-pathways-award<\/a>
\n[6] Fungal Genet. Biol.<\/em>, 2016<\/strong>, 89, 18\u201328<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u8001\u5b50\u9053\u5fb7\u7d93\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u9053\u751f\u4e00\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e8c\u751f\u4e09\uff0c\u4e09\u751f\u842c\u7269\u3002\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u9053\uff0c\u8001\u5b50\u537b\u4e5f\u8a9e\u7109\u4e0d\u8a73\uff0c\u662f\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u9053\u53ef\u9053\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9053\u3002\u300d\u3002 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23947,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[991,983],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23905"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23905"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23905\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23955,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23905\/revisions\/23955"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23905"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23905"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23905"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}