{"id":23672,"date":"2020-12-17T00:03:17","date_gmt":"2020-12-16T16:03:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/?p=23672"},"modified":"2021-04-16T14:21:21","modified_gmt":"2021-04-16T06:21:21","slug":"%e6%9c%aa%e4%be%86%e6%b5%81%e6%84%9f%e7%96%ab%e8%8b%97%e4%b8%8d%e7%94%a8%e5%b9%b4%e5%b9%b4%e6%89%93%ef%bc%9f%e5%8f%af%e5%b0%8d%e6%8a%97%e7%95%b0%e6%a0%aa%e7%97%85%e6%af%92%e7%9a%84%e5%96%ae%e9%86%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/23672\/","title":{"rendered":"\u672a\u4f86\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u82d7\u4e0d\u7528\u5e74\u5e74\u6253\uff1f\u53ef\u5c0d\u6297\u7570\u682a\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u55ae\u91a3\u5316\u75ab\u82d7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u5ee3\u6548\u6027\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u82d7\u7814\u767c\u7a81\u7834<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2020 \u5e74\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u8086\u8650\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u4f46\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u6230\u722d\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u505c\u904e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u50b3\u7d71\u75ab\u82d7\u7121\u6cd5\u5c0d\u4ed8\u5e74\u5e74\u8b8a\u7570\u7684\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7fc1\u555f\u60e0\u9662\u58eb\u548c\u99ac\u5fb9\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5229\u7528\u96de\u86cb\u88fd\u9020\u55ae\u91a3\u5316\u7684\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u53ef\u5c0d\u6297\u7570\u682a\u7684\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b77\u6548\u679c\u6bd4\u50b3\u7d71\u75ab\u82d7\u9ad8\u4e09\u5230\u56db\u500d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u65bc 2019 \u5e74 2 \u6708\u7372\u520a\u65bc\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u520a\u300b (PNAS)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u77e5\u591a\u5c11\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6d41\u611f\u662f\u7531\u75c5\u6bd2\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u5f97\u904e\u6d41\u611f\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u89aa\u773c\u770b\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u78e8\u4eba\u7684\u5c0f\u6771\u897f\u55ce\uff1f(\u5582\uff01)<\/p>\n<p>\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u76f4\u5f91\u7d04 80\uff5e120 \u5948\u7c73\uff0c\u5165\u4fb5\u7d30\u80de\u5168\u9760\u5916\u5957\u819c\u4e0a\u5169\u7a2e\u91a3\u86cb\u767d\uff1a\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u8840\u51dd\u96c6\u7d20(Hemagglutinin\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31 HA)\uff0c\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u75c5\u6bd2\u9ecf\u9644\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u795e\u7d93\u80fa\u9178\u9176 (Neuraminidase\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31 NA)\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7e41\u6b96\u5f8c\u96e2\u958b\u3001\u6301\u7e8c\u5728\u5bbf\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5167\u64f4\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_21652\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21652\" src=\"https:\/research.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ma-ch-01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-21652\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u76f4\u5f91\u7d04 80\uff5e120 \u5948\u7c73\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f RNA \u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u8b8a\u7570\u3002\u5165\u4fb5\u7d30\u80de\u5168\u9760\u5916\u5957\u819c\u4e0a\u5169\u7a2e\u91a3\u86cb\u767d\uff1a\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u8840\u51dd\u96c6\u7d20(Hemagglutinin\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31 HA)\uff0c\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u75c5\u6bd2\u9ecf\u9644\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u795e\u7d93\u80fa\u9178\u9176 (Neuraminidase\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31 NA)\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7e41\u6b96\u5f8c\u96e2\u958b\u3001\u6301\u7e8c\u5728\u5bbf\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5167\u64f4\u6563\u3002<br \/>\u5716\u2502iStock<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u6703\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u53c8\u53ef\u5206\u70ba A\u3001B\u3001C \u4e09\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>A \u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684 HA \u5171 18 \u7a2e (H1 ~ H18)\uff0cNA \u5171 9 \u7a2e (N1 ~ N9)\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 HA \u548c NA \u53ef\u7d44\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u4e9e\u578b (subtype)\uff0c\u5982 H1N1 \u8868\u793a\u6709 HA1 \u548c NA1 \u5169\u7a2e\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u5e38\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6709 H1N1\u3001H3N2 \u5169\u7a2e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>A \u578b\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u8fc5\u901f\u50b3\u64ad\u800c\u9020\u6210\u56b4\u91cd\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u50cf 1918 \u5e74\u897f\u73ed\u7259 H1N1 \u6d41\u611f\u66fe\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5168\u7403\u81f3\u5c11\u5169\u5343\u842c\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5b9b\u5982\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\uff01<\/p>\n<p>B \u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\u6c92\u6709\u4e9e\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u5feb\u901f\u8b8a\u7570\uff0c\u96d6\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u56b4\u91cd\u75ab\u60c5\u3002C \u578b\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4e9e\u578b\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u5f8c\u53ea\u51fa\u73fe\u8f15\u5fae\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u985e\u5728 1944 \u5e74\uff0c\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b A \u578b\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u6709\u4e86\u6b66\u5668\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u611f\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u5834\u4eba\u8207\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u6230\u722d\u4e26\u672a\u771f\u7684\u5b8c\u7d50\uff01\u56e0\u70ba\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u9700\u8981\u5e74\u5e74\u6539\u63db\u75c5\u6bd2\u682a\u7684\u4eba\u7528\u75ab\u82d7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>WHO \u5e74\u5e74\u9078\u682a\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u9078\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u5168\u7403\u50b3\u64ad\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u5340\u53ef\u80fd\u8b8a\u7570\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u682a (strain)\uff0c\u5982 B \u578b\u6d41\u611f\u6709\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u682a\u3001\u5c71\u5f62\u682a\uff0cA \u578b\u6d41\u611f\u6709 H1N1 \u52a0\u5dde\u682a\u3001H3N2 \u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u682a\u7b49\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u820a\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u5c0d\u6297\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u885b\u751f\u7d44\u7e54 (WHO) \u5728\u5404\u570b\u8a2d\u6709\u5075\u6e2c\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f9e\u5404\u8655\u7684\u75c5\u60a3\u548c\u9ce5\u985e\u8eab\u4e0a\u63a1\u6a23\u3001\u8490\u96c6\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ec\u958b\u5317\u3001\u5357\u534a\u7403\u7684\u5b63\u7bc0\u6027\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u82d7\u9078\u682a\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u9810\u6e2c\u660e\u5e74\u53ef\u80fd\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5169\u7a2e A \u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\u682a\u3001\u5169\u7a2e B \u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\u682a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u65bc\u4f86\u5e74\u4e8c\u6708\u516c\u5e03\u5317\u534a\u7403\u7684\u9078\u682a\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u88fd\u4f5c\u7576\u5e74\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5730\u5340\u5247\u901a\u5e38\u65bc\u5341\u6708\u958b\u6253\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_21652\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21652\" src=\"https:\/research.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ma-ch-02-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-21652\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">WHO \u6bcf\u5e74\u6703\u5f9e B \u578b\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001A \u578b\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u7b2c\u4e00\u7fa4\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7fa4\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u682a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u9078\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u682a\uff0c\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u653e\u9032\u96de\u86cb\u4e2d\u57f9\u990a\uff0c\u518d\u7d93\u904e\u7d14\u5316\u3001\u53bb\u6d3b\u6027\u3001\u63d0\u7149\u7b49\u7b49\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u88fd\u4f5c\u6210\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u731c\u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ea\u8981\u6253\u904e\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u4e0d\u81f4\u67d3\u75c5\u6216\u6e1b\u8f15\u75c5\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u731c\u932f\u4e86\uff0c\u75ab\u82d7\u4fdd\u8b77\u529b\u5927\u6e1b\uff0c\u6050\u5c07\u5f15\u767c\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u3002<br \/>\u5716\u2502\u7814\u4e4b\u6709\u7269 (\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u2502\u99ac\u5fb9)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u731c\u5c0d\u4e86\uff0c\u6253\u75ab\u82d7\u7d04\u6709 70% \u4fdd\u8b77\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u9810\u6e2c\u5e38\u8d95\u4e0d\u4e0a\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff01\u4e00\u65e6\u731c\u932f\uff0c\u53ea\u5269 20\uff5e30% \u4fdd\u8b77\u529b\uff0c\u6050\u5c0e\u81f4\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5168\u7403\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u51fa\u5ee3\u6548\u6027\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u6297\u6d41\u611f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u682a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7570\u5e38\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684 HA \u548c NA \u592a\u5e38\u767c\u751f\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e9e\u578b\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u682a\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ea\u8981\u6709 5% \u5230 20%\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u75ab\u82d7\u4fdd\u8b77\u529b\u5931\u6548\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6c7a\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e00\u76f4\u8b8a\u7570\u3001\u75ab\u82d7\u7121\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1f\u7fc1\u555f\u60e0\u8207\u99ac\u5fb9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u53ef\u5f9e\u7834\u89e3 HA \u7684\u69cb\u9020\u958b\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6234\u8457\u91a3\u9762\u5177\u7684\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ed4\u7d30\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0cHA \u7684\u5916\u578b\u50cf\u8611\u83c7\uff0c\u5206\u70ba\u81a8\u5927\u7684\u300c\u9802\u90e8\u300d\u548c\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u5916\u5957\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u8f03\u7d30\u300c\u8396\u90e8\u300d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ea\u80fd\u8fa8\u8b58 HA \u9802\u90e8\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u82d7\u591a\u534a\u4e5f\u662f\u5229\u7528 HA \u9802\u90e8\u4f5c\u70ba\u6297\u539f\u3001\u8a98\u767c\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u751f\u7522\u6297\u9ad4\u3002\u4f46 HA \u9802\u90e8\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u751f\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9078\u682a\u624d\u6703\u9019\u9ebc\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u99ac\u5fb9\u5718\u968a\u5247\u53e6\u95e2\u8e4a\u5f91\uff0c\u5f9e HA \u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u8b8a\u7570\u7684\u8396\u90e8\u4e0b\u624b\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u4f86\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u5f88\u72e1\u733e\uff0c\u6703\u5974\u5f79\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7d30\u80de\u5e6b\u5fd9\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u9846\u9846\u91a3\uff0c\u9ecf\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 HA \u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8396\u90e8\u7684\u91a3\u5206\u5b50\u6bd4\u9802\u90e8\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u75c5\u6bd2\u5229\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u91a3\u5206\u5b50\u7576\u6210\u507d\u88dd\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5728\u81c9\u4e0a\u6234\u4e0a\u91a3\u9762\u5177\uff0c\u8b93\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u75c5\u6bd2\u662f\u300c\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u6b32\u700f\u89bd\u5b8c\u6574\u7cbe\u91c7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8acb\u81f3\u7814\u4e4b\u6709\u7269\u5b98\u7db2\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/research.sinica.edu.tw\/ma-che-alex-flu-vaccine\/\"><em>https:\/research.sinica.edu.tw\/ma-che-alex-flu-vaccine\/<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\uff08\u8d95\u5feb\u9ede\u9032\u4f86\u5594\uff01\u9084\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7cbe\u91c7\u5716\u6587\uff01\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5ee3\u6548\u6027\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u82d7\u7814\u767c\u7a81\u7834 2020 \u5e74\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u8086\u8650\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u4f46\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u6230\u722d\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u505c\u904e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u50b3\u7d71\u75ab\u82d7 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