{"id":23528,"date":"2020-12-03T00:03:11","date_gmt":"2020-12-02T16:03:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/?p=23528"},"modified":"2021-08-26T08:48:54","modified_gmt":"2021-08-26T00:48:54","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%b0%88%e6%ac%84%e3%80%91%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e8%a8%88%e7%ae%97%e8%88%87%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e9%9b%bb%e8%85%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/23528\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5c08\u6b04\u3011\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n

[1]https:\/www.ibm.com\/blogs\/research\/2019\/10\/on-quantum-supremacy\/
\n[2]https:\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quantum_computing
\n[3]M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, Quantum computation and quantum information, Cambridge University Press, New York (2000).
\n[4]https:\/medium.com\/qiskit\/what-is-quantum-volume-anyway-a4dff801c36f
\n[5]E. T. Campbell, B. M. Terhal, and C. Vuillot, “Roads towards fault-tolerant universal quantum computation,” Nature 549, 174 (2017).
\n[6]John Preskill, “Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond,” Quantum 2, 79 (2018).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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