{"id":21318,"date":"2020-02-20T00:00:48","date_gmt":"2020-02-19T16:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/?p=21318"},"modified":"2021-08-26T09:11:44","modified_gmt":"2021-08-26T01:11:44","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%b0%88%e6%ac%84%e3%80%91%e6%88%96%e8%ba%8d%e5%9c%a8%e6%b7%b5-%e7%a8%ae%e6%97%8f%e5%9b%b0%e5%a2%83%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e9%bb%91%e4%ba%ba%e5%a5%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/21318\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5c08\u6b04\u3011\u6216\u8e8d\u5728\u6df5\uff1a\u7a2e\u65cf\u56f0\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\uff081920-1950\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

2008\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u5df4\u62c9\u514b\u2027\u6b50\u5df4\u99ac (Barack Obama, 1961\u2013)\u5728\u7576\u9078\u611f\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5b89\u7d0d\u2027\u5eab\u67cf (Ann Nixon Cooper, 1902\u20132009) \u7684\u4e00\u751f\u70ba\u6642\u9593\u8ef8\u627f\uff0c\u898b\u8b49\u7f8e\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e26\u6a19\u8a8c\u5f71\u97ff\u7f8e\u570b\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u963f\u62c9\u5df4\u99ac\u5dde\u8499\u54e5\u99ac\u5229\u5e02\u7684\u516c\u8eca\u7f77\u5750\u4e8b\u4ef6 (Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955\u20131956)\u3001\u4f2f\u660e\u7f55\u5e02\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c40\u9577\u4ee5\u66b4\u529b\u5c0d\u4ed8\u9ed1\u4eba\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u4e8b\u4ef6 (Birmingham Campaign, 1963\u20131964)\u3001\u585e\u723e\u746a\u904a\u884c (Selma to Montgomery marches)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u99ac\u4e01\u2027\u91d1\u6069 (Martin Luther King, Jr., 1929\u20131968) \u5ba3\u63da\u300c\u6211\u5011\u7d42\u5c07\u514b\u670d\u300d(We shall overcome) \u7b49\uff0c\u95e1\u91cb\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u4eba\u5728\u722d\u53d6\u7a2e\u65cf\u5e73\u7b49\u8207\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u76ca\u4e0a\u6240\u505a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\u585e\u723e\u746a\u904a\u884c\u66f4\u7522\u751f\u9285\u5c71\u897f\u5d29\uff0c\u6d1b\u9418\u6771\u61c9\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4e8b\u4ef6\u59cb\u65bc1965\u5e742\u670818\u65e5\u6df1\u591c\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5409\u7c73\u2027\u5091\u514b\u68ee (Jimmie Lee Jackson, 1938\u20131965) \u88ab\u7576\u5730\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c04\u64ca\u5169\u69cd\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u8005\u5f37\u5c3c\u2027\u8def\u6613\u65af (John Robert Lewis, 1940\u2013) \u548c\u90dd\u897f\u2027\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af (Hosea Williams, 1926\u20132000) \u6c7a\u5b9a\u767c\u52d5\u548c\u5e73\u793a\u5a01\u904a\u884c\uff0c\u7531\u99ac\u4e01\u2027\u91d1\u6069\u7387\u9818\u9ed1\u4eba\u7fa4\u773e\uff0c\u65bc1965\u5e743\u67087\u65e5\u5f9e\u963f\u62c9\u5df4\u99ac\u5dde\u7684\u585e\u723e\u746a (Selma, Alabama ) \u6b65\u884c\u5230\u9996\u5e9c\u8499\u54e5\u99ac\u5229\u5e02 (Montgomery)\uff0c\u6297\u8b70\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u66b4\u884c\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc\u611b\u5fb7\u8499\u2027\u4f69\u7279\u65af\u6a4b (Edmund Pettus Bridge) \u524d\u8207\u8b66\u65b9\u5c0d\u5cd9\u3002\u5927\u6279\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u8b66\u529b\u7c97\u66b4\u58d3\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u50ac\u6dda\u74e6\u65af\u7684\u756b\u9762\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5a92\u9ad4\u8207\u7167\u7247\u50b3\u64ad\uff0c\u5168\u570b\u8b41\u7136\uff0c\u53f2\u7a31\u300c\u8840\u8165\u7684\u661f\u671f\u5929\u300d(Bloody Sunday)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u5f8c3\u67089\u65e5\u820721\u65e5\u7684\u5169\u6b21\u793a\u5a01\u904a\u884c\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u4f86\u81ea\u5168\u7f8e\u5404\u5730\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8207\u8072\u63f4\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u65bc1965\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u901a\u904e\u300a\u5168\u570b\u6295\u7968\u6b0a\u6cd5\u6848\u300b(National Voting Rights Acts of 1965)\uff0c\u6797\u767b\u2027\u8a79\u68ee (Lyndon Johnson, 1908\u20131973) \u7e3d\u7d71\u65bc\u540c\u5e74 8\u67086\u65e5\u7c3d\u7f72\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u4fdd\u969c\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u884c\u4f7f\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u300b(Constitution of the United States) \u8ce6\u4e88\u7684\u6295\u7968\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6b77\u5e74\u6c11\u6b0a\u6cd5\u6848\u4e2d\u9ed1\u4eba\u5408\u683c\u9078\u6c11\u589e\u52a0\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u6700\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6c11\u6b0a\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

2015\u5e743\u67087\u65e5\u5df4\u62c9\u514b\u2027\u6b50\u5df4\u99ac\u7e3d\u7d71\u53c3\u52a0\u585e\u723e\u746a\u904a\u884c\u4e94\u5341\u5468\u5e74\u7d00\u5ff5\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u548c\u5df2\u662f\u773e\u8b70\u54e1\u7684\u5f37\u5c3c\u2027\u8def\u6613\u65af\uff0c\u651c\u624b\u8d70\u904e\u4e8b\u767c\u4e4b\u5730\u611b\u5fb7\u8499\u2027\u4f69\u7279\u65af\u6a4b\uff0c\u5411\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u81f4\u656c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c0d\u672a\u80fd\u6e1b\u5c11\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u7a2e\u65cf\u885d\u7a81\u6709\u672a\u7adf\u5168\u529f\u4e4b\u5606\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u4ed6\u64d4\u4efb\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u767d\u4eba\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6975\u7aef\u5206\u5b50\u4e0d\u65b7\u516c\u958b\u6311\u91c1\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u8207\u504f\u898b\u9020\u6210\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u6709\u589e\u7121\u6e1b\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u9ed1\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\u8207\u6297\u722d\u3002\u5df4\u62c9\u514b\u2027\u6b50\u5df4\u99ac\u7e3d\u7d71\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u56e0\u827e\u745e\u514b\u2027\u8fe6\u7d0d (Eric Garner, 1970\u20132014) \u6848\u548c\u9ea5\u514b\u2027\u5e03\u6717 (Michael Brown, 1996\u20132014) \u6848\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5168\u570b\u793a\u5a01\u6297\u8b70\u6642\uff0c\u5766\u627f\u7a2e\u65cf\u77db\u76fe\u6df1\u690d\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u4e00\u591c\u9593\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u300c\u5728\u8655\u7406\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u548c\u6b67\u8996\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u6709\u8010\u5fc3\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u7a2e\u65cf\u77db\u76fe\u7121\u6cd5\u5168\u9762\u89e3\u6c7a\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u7070\u5fc3\u55aa\u6c23\u548c\u653e\u68c4\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c2015\u5e746 \u6708 17 \u65e5\u665a\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5357\u5361\u7f85\u4f86\u7d0d\u5dde\u67e5\u723e\u65af\u9813\u5e02 (Charleston, South Carolina) \u4ee5\u99ac\u5167\u5229\u975e\u88d4\u885b\u7406\u516c\u6703\u6559\u5802 (Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church) \u7684\u6bba\u4eba\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u66f4\u591a\u722d\u8b70\u8207\u5c0d\u7a2e\u65cf\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u7576\u6642\u6559\u5802\u5167\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u9805\u8b80\u7d93\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u8b80\u7d93\u7684\u5341\u4e8c\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u6b72\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u8fea\u5ec9\u2027\u9b6f\u592b (Dylann Storm Roof, 1994\u2013) \u9032\u4f86\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u52a0\u5165\u8b80\u7d93\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u6559\u53cb\u5011\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\u6b61\u8fce\u3002\u7d04\u83ab\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u8fea\u5ec9\u2027\u9b6f\u592b\u7a81\u7136\u638f\u51fa\u9810\u85cf\u7684\u624b\u69cd\u760b\u72c2\u5c04\u6bba\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e5d\u6b7b\u4e00\u50b7\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6b63\u5728\u4e3b\u6301\u8b80\u7d93\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u514b\u96f7\u8499\u5854\u2027\u54c1\u514b\u5948 (Clementa C. Pinckney, 1973\u20132015) \u53c3\u8b70\u54e1\u7576\u5834\u6789\u6b7b\u69cd\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c07\u8fea\u5ec9\u2027\u9b6f\u592b\u6bba\u4eba\u4e8b\u4ef6\u653e\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u767c\u5c55\u6b77\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u66f4\u591a\u6307\u6a19\u6027\u610f\u7fa9\u30022015 \u5e74\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u5357\u5317\u6230\u722d (Civil War, 1861\u20131865) \u7d50\u675f\u4e00\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u9031\u5e74\u3002\u4e8b\u767c\u5730\u9ede\u4ee5\u99ac\u5167\u5229\u975e\u88d4\u885b\u7406\u516c\u6703\u6559\u5802\u5efa\u65bc1817\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u975e\u88d4\u885b\u7406\u516c\u6703\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5357\u90e8\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u4eba\u6b0a\u6d3b\u52d5\u91cd\u93ae\uff1b1909\u5e74\u9ed1\u4eba\u9818\u8896\u5e03\u514b\u2027\u83ef\u8f9b\u9813 (Booker T. Washington, 1856\u20131915) \u66fe\u5728\u6b64\u767c\u8868\u6f14\u8aaa\uff1b1962\u5e74\u99ac\u4e01\u2027\u91d1\u6069\u53d7\u9080\u767c\u8868\u6f14\u8aaa\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u6559\u53cb\u722d\u53d6\u6295\u7968\u6b0a\uff1b2012\u5e74\u300a\u5974\u96b8\u89e3\u653e\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b(Emancipation Proclamation, 1863) \u4e00\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u9031\u5e74\u7d00\u5ff5\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e5f\u5728\u6b64\u5730\u8209\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\u99ac\u5167\u5229\u975e\u88d4\u885b\u7406\u516c\u6703\u6559\u5802\u5728\u9ed1\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u6709\u8457\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fea\u5ec9\u2027\u9b6f\u592b\u500b\u4eba\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u8207\u5a01\u8105\u9ed1\u4eba\u7b49\u8a00\u8ad6\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u6578\u5f35\u4ed6\u8207\u300c\u90a6\u806f\u65d7\u300d(Confederate Flag) \u7684\u5408\u7167\u3002\u300c\u90a6\u806f\u65d7\u300d\u662f\u7d05\u5e95\u85cd\u5341\u5b57\u7684\u9020\u578b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u5357\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u7528\u4ee5\u7d00\u5ff5\u5167\u6230\u671f\u9593\u9663\u4ea1\u7684\u5357\u65b9\u5c07\u58eb\uff0c\u548c\u7d00\u9304\u5357\u65b9\u7f8e\u570b\u90a6\u806f (Confederate States of America) \u8a93\u6b7b\u634d\u885b\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u300b\u8ce6\u4e88\u5dde\u6b0a\u800c\u6230\u7684\u82f1\u52c7\u4e8b\u8e5f\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u5357\u65b9\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u8fa6\u516c\u5927\u6a13\u8fc4\u4eca\u4ecd\u5916\u61f8\u300c\u90a6\u806f\u65d7\u300d\u6216\u8005\u985e\u4f3c\u7b26\u865f\u7684\u65d7\u5e5f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5c0d\u9ed1\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u300c\u90a6\u806f\u65d7\u300d\u5145\u6eff\u5927\u91cf\u5a01\u8105\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6575\u8996\u7684\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u8207\u5357\u65b9\u6fc0\u9032\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d44\u7e543K\u9ee8 (Ku Klux Klan) \u5982\u5f71\u96a8\u5f62\u3002\u5df4\u62c9\u514b\u2027\u6b50\u5df4\u99ac\u7e3d\u7d71\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u9762\u65d7\u5e5f\u300c\u4ee4\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u58d3\u5236\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6f20\u8996\u300e\u90a6\u806f\u65d7\u300f\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u652a\u52d5\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u300d [1]\u56e0\u6b64\u4ee5\u99ac\u5167\u5229\u975e\u88d4\u885b\u7406\u516c\u6703\u6559\u5802\u6bba\u4eba\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u4ec7\u6068\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u9023\u6027\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4e00\u6642\u4e4b\u9593\u8981\u6c42\u5168\u9762\u64a4\u6389\u61f8\u639b\u300c\u90a6\u806f\u65d7\u300d\u4e4b\u8072\u56db\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n

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[1] \u3008\u5967\u5df4\u99ac\u5411\u7f79\u96e3\u7267\u5e2b\u81f4\u610f\u9818\u5531\u5947\u7570\u6069\u5178\u3009\uff0chttp:\/www.epochtimes.com\/b5\/15\/6\/27\/n4467063.htm\uff0c2019\u5e7412\u670811\u65e5\u64f7\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u5c0d\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u8207\u6575\u610f\u6b77\u6b77\u5728\u76ee\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5beb\u7167\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u9ed1\u4eba\u5728\u5167\u6230\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u7372\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u537b\u9762\u5c0d\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u66f4\u96aa\u5cfb\u7684\u8655\u5883\u8207\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u85c9\u7531\u5404\u7a2e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u4ee5\u884c\u4e0d\u516c\u4e4b\u5be6\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u5236\u5ea6\u30021890\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5357\u65b9\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u9678\u7e8c\u901a\u904e\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u5171\u5834\u5408\u57f7\u884c\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u5927\u773e\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u3001\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u3001\u98ef\u5e97\u3001\u9910\u5ef3\u3001\u6232\u9662\u3001\u904a\u6232\u5834\u3001\u516c\u5171\u5ec1\u6240\u3001\u9152\u5427\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u6db5\u84cb\u5176\u4e2d\u30021896\u5e74\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u300c\u666e\u840a\u897f\u63a7\u8a34\u4f5b\u683c\u68ee\u6848\u300d(Plessy v. Ferguson) \u4e2d\u5224\u6c7a\u300c\u9694\u96e2\u4f46\u5e73\u7b49\u300d(separate but equal) \u4e26\u4e0d\u9055\u53cd\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u689d\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7cbe\u795e\u5f8c\uff0c\u958b\u555f\u8fd1\u534a\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u653f\u7b56\u8207\u5404\u7a2e\u578b\u614b\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6c23\u9912\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u7701\u3001\u81ea\u89ba\uff0c\u529b\u5716\u7a81\u7834\u7aa0\u81fc\u3002\u53ca\u81f31920\u5e74\u4ee3\u300c\u54c8\u6797\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u300d (Harlem Renaissance) \u5021\u8b70\u300c\u65b0\u9ed1\u4eba\u300d(New Negro) \uff0c\u559a\u8d77\u9ed1\u4eba\u5c55\u73fe\u81ea\u6211\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u9ed1\u4eba\u5728\u6587\u5b78\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u4e0a\u5d84\u9732\u982d\u89d2\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u85cd\u8abf\u5f15\u9818\u98a8\u9a37\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7235\u58eb\u97f3\u6a02\u8207\u9748\u9b42\u97f3\u6a02\u651c\u624b\u6253\u9032\u7f8e\u570b\u97f3\u6a02\u5e02\u5834\u3002\u9ed1\u4eba\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u5982\u5a01\u5ec9\u2027\u675c\u535a\u4f9d\u65af (William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, 1868\u20131963)\u3001\u99ac\u53ef\u65af\u2027\u9ad8\u7dad (Marcus Garvey, 1887\u20131940) \u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3b\u52d5\u7a4d\u6975\u722d\u53d6\u6c11\u6b0a\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u6a5f\u6703\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u5c6c\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7acb\u5373\u7372\u5f97\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u7d50\u675f\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u7f3a\u5e2d\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u900f\u904e\u5404\u7a2e\u6c11\u9593\u793e\u5718\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5982\u300c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5168\u570b\u806f\u76df\u300d (National Association of Colored Women\u2019s Clubs)\u3001\u300c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5168\u570b\u806f\u5408\u6703\u300d(National Council of Negro Women)\u3001\u300c\u9ed1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7fd2\u5354\u6703\u300d(Association for the Study of Negro Life and History\uff0c\u73fe\u540d\u70baAssociation for the Study of African American Life and History) \u7b49\uff0c\u9010\u4e00\u5c55\u73fe\u5979\u5011\u5728\u516c\u5171\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u591a\u5143\u8207\u7368\u7279\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u6607\u8207\u6539\u5584\u7a2e\u65cf\u56f0\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u6216\u8e8d\u5728\u6df5\u2014\u2014\u7a2e\u65cf\u56f0\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\uff0c1920\u20131950\u300b(\u570b\u7acb\u6e05\u83ef\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2020\u5e74) \u4ee51920\u5e74\u4ee3\u52301950\u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790\u5979\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u76f8\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u4fdd\u5b88\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u53c3\u8207\u6c11\u9593\u793e\u5718\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u5be6\u8e10\u5979\u5011\u5c0d\u9ed1\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u7684\u95dc\u61f7\u3001\u4ed8\u51fa\u8207\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u6240\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\u5404\u6709\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u4e5f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207\u7b56\u7565\u9762\u5c0d\u7a2e\u65cf\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u6709\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u9ad8\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u746a\u8389\u2027\u8c9d\u8212 (Mary McLeod Bethune, 1875\u20131955)\uff0c\u5979\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u4eba\u8108\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u7a2e\u65cf\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u570b\u5167\u7a2e\u65cf\u8b70\u984c\u8207\u570b\u969b\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\u63a5\u8ecc\u3002\u53c8\u5982\u746a\u8389\u2027\u6cf0\u745e\u723e (Mary Church Terrell, 1863\u20131954)\uff0c\u6d3b\u8e8d\u65bc\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u793e\u5718\u7d44\u7e54\u8207\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u7279\u5340\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u8001\u7956\u6bcd\u300d(Grandmother of the Civil Rights Movement) \u7a31\u8457\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u8b49\u660e\u9ed1\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u4ee5\u63d0\u6607\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e4b\u540d\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u8b93\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u4e0d\u50c5\u8de8\u8d8a\u4fb7\u9650\u5973\u6027\u6d3b\u52d5\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u5316\u5176\u5728\u516c\u9818\u57df\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u7372\u5f97\u6bd4\u767d\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u66f4\u5177\u5f48\u6027\u5316\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u7a7a\u9593\u8207\u6a5f\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u66f4\u591a\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u662f\u7528\u805a\u6c99\u6210\u5854\uff0c\u96c6\u814b\u6210\u88d8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u767c\u63ee\u5c0f\u5175\u7acb\u5927\u529f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff1a\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5e02\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u9ed1\u4eba\u5c08\u5c6c\u91ab\u9662\u300c\u53cb\u8abc\u91ab\u9662\u300d(Provident Hospital) \u53ca\u5176\u9644\u8a2d\u8b77\u7406\u5b78\u6821\u3001\u300c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5168\u570b\u806f\u76df\u300d\u63a5\u7ba1\u300c\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u4e4b\u5bb6\u300d(Douglass Home\uff0c\u53c8\u540d\u300c\u897f\u9054\u5c71\u838a\u300d[Cedar Hill] ) \u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5404\u968e\u5c64\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5c0f\u984d\u6350\u6b3e\u8d0a\u52a9\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5728\u300c\u9ed1\u4eba\u6b77\u53f2\u9031\u300d(Negro History Week)\u3001\u300c\u5168\u570b\u9ed1\u4eba\u5065\u5eb7\u9031\u300d(National Negro Health Week) \u7b49\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5168\u7f8e\u5404\u5730\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3b\u5a66\u3001\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u6559\u5e2b\u3001\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u54e1\u90fd\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u5982\u5c24\u59ae\u7d72\u2027\u82ae\u4f5b\u7d72 (Eunice Rivers, 1899\u20131986) \u8005\uff0c\u5728\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u8207\u91ab\u7642\u7167\u9867\u56b4\u91cd\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u9ed1\u4eba\u7aae\u4eba\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u9ed8\u9ed8\u5949\u737b\u4e00\u5df1\u4e4b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u6216\u8e8d\u5728\u6df5\u2014\u2014\u7a2e\u65cf\u56f0\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\uff0c1920\u20131950\u300b\u4e0d\u50c5\u5448\u73fe\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u8207\u8655\u7406\u7a2e\u65cf\u8b70\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u96c6\u9ad4\u6216\u500b\u5225\u3001\u9ad4\u5236\u5167\u6216\u5916\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u5979\u5011\u8655\u7406\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u968e\u7d1a\u7b49\u591a\u91cd\u6311\u6230\u6642\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u8207\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u59a5\u5354\u6291\u6216\u53cd\u6297\u7336\u5982\u5929\u5e73\u7684\u5169\u7aef\uff0c\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u5225\u8207\u968e\u7d1a\u90fd\u662f\u5c45\u9593\u7684\u781d\u78bc\u3002\u5728\u7a2e\u65cf\u8b70\u984c\u512a\u5148\u4e0b\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u9748\u6d3b\u904b\u7528\u59a5\u5354\u8207\u53cd\u6297\uff1b\u6027\u5225\u56e0\u7d20\u5247\u9020\u5c31\u59a5\u5354\u8207\u53cd\u6297\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u63f4\uff1b\u5728\u968e\u7d1a\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\uff0c\u59a5\u5354\u6216\u53cd\u6297\u7686\u6210\u53ef\u80fd\u9078\u9805\u3002\u5979\u5011\u9806\u52e2\u800c\u70ba\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u6700\u6709\u5229\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u5979\u5011\u7684\u65e2\u5b9a\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2008\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u5df4\u62c9\u514b\u2027\u6b50\u5df4\u99ac (Barack Obama, 1961\u2013)\u5728\u7576\u9078\u611f\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5b89\u7d0d\u2027 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21486,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[989,983],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21318"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21318"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21318\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21486"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}