{"id":20621,"date":"2019-11-28T08:00:56","date_gmt":"2019-11-28T00:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/?p=20621"},"modified":"2021-08-02T08:45:34","modified_gmt":"2021-08-02T00:45:34","slug":"20191128p01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/20621\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5c08\u6b04\u3011\u57fa\u56e0\u5bc6\u78bc\u8f49\u8b6f\u7684\u95d6\u95dc\u904a\u6232\uff1a\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u9ad4\u5167\u5d4c\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u5c55"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u86cb\u767d\u8a2d\u8a08\u5728\u65b0\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u9175\u7d20\u86cb\u767d\u53ca\u5177\u6709\u91ab\u7642\u6f5b\u529b\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u86cb\u767d\u8a2d\u8a08\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u5728\u66f4\u5f37\u5927\u96fb\u8166\u8a08\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u53ca\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b78\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u5728\u86cb\u767d\u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u5be6\u9a57\u5370\u8b49\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u543b\u5408\u7684\u4f8b\u8b49\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u517122\u7a2e\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7b2c21\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u7852\u534a\u80f1\u80fa\u9178(selenocysteine)\u53ca\u7b2c22\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u5421\u54af\u8cf4\u80fa\u9178(pyrrolysine)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u77ad\u89e3\u5421\u54af\u8cf4\u80fa\u9178\u9ad4\u5167\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u6a5f\u8f49\u5f8c\uff0c\u5421\u54af\u8cf4\u80fa\u9178\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5de5\u7a0b\u6240\u80fd\u9ad4\u5167\u5d4c\u5165\u8d85\u904e200\u7a2e\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178<sup>1-3<\/sup>\u5728\u86cb\u767d\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff1b\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u5728\u86cb\u767d\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u7d50\u69cb\u8b8a\u5316\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u53ca\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u7d93\u904e\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u8b93\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u9ad4\u5167\u5d4c\u5165\u6280\u8853\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u6b64\u6587\u65e8\u5728\u7c21\u4ecb\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u9ad4\u5167\u5d4c\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u672a\u4f86\u5c55\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u56e0\u5bc6\u78bc\u8f49\u8b6f\u5728\u8f49\u6838\u91a3\u6838\u9178(tRNA)\u529f\u80fd\u78ba\u8a8d\u7531\u4e09\u500b\u6838\u9178\u57fa\u56e0\u5b50\u5bc6\u78bc\u8f49\u8b6f\u70ba\u55ae\u4e00\u80fa\u57fa\u9178(amino acid)\u5f8c\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7d71\u89e3\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a5\u8457\u88ab\u4e00\u4e00\u78ba\u8a8d\uff0c\u5728\u7531ATGC\u56db\u500b\u6838\u9178\u57fa\u56e0\u5b50\u6392\u5217\u7d44\u5408\u6240\u5f62\u621064(4\u00d74\u00d74)\u7a2e\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u753161\u500b\u5bc6\u78bc\u7d44\u5408\u89e3\u78bc20\u500b\u5929\u7136\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u5269\u9918TAG\uff0cTAA\u53caTGA\u70ba\u505c\u6b62\u5bc6\u78bc(stop codon)\u3002\u7e7c\u8d77\u59cb\u57fa\u56e0\u5bc6\u78bcATG\u8a0a\u865f\u958b\u59cb\u4f9d\u4fe1\u4f7f\u6838\u91a3\u6838\u9178(mRNA)\u5bc6\u78bc\u5e8f\u5217\u7531\u4e0d\u540ctRNA\u651c\u5e36\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u7d50\u7684\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u65bc\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u63a5\u53d7\u91af\u5316tRNA\u7684A\u4f4d\u4f54\u4f4d\uff0c\u63a5\u7e8c\u4f9d\u5bc6\u78bc\u5408\u6210\u5168\u9577\u80dc\u80bd\u934a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u63a5\u89f8\u505c\u6b62\u5bc6\u78bc\uff0c\u5927\u8178\u687f\u83cc\u7684\u812b\u96e2\u56e0\u5b501 (RF1)\u5c0dTAG\u8207TAA\u505c\u6b62\u5bc6\u78bc\u4e26\u53ca\u812b\u96e2\u56e0\u5b502 (RF2)\u5206\u5225\u8207TGA\u53caTAA\u505c\u6b62\u5bc6\u78bc\u9032\u884c\u4f54\u4f4d\u4e26\u7d42\u6b62\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u5168\u9577\u80dc\u80bd\u93c8\u81ea\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u812b\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\u81ea\u7136\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u5074\u93c8\u5177\u6709\u539f\u5b50\u7f6e\u63db\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u7532\u786b\u80fa\u9178(methionine)\u7684\u786b\u539f\u5b50\u7f6e\u63db\u70ba\u7852\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u4ecd\u70ba\u7532\u786b\u80fa\u91af\u8f49\u6838\u91a3\u6838\u9178\u5408\u6210\u9176(methionyl-tRNA synthetase, MetRS)\u7684\u53d7\u8cea\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u542b\u6c1f\u7684\u82ef\u57fa\u4e19\u80fa\u9178(phenylalanine)\u4e5f\u662f\u82ef\u57fa\u4e19\u80fa\u91af\u8f49\u6838\u91a3\u6838\u9178\u5408\u6210\u9176(phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, PheRS)\u7684\u53d7\u8cea\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u767c\u73fe\u90fd\u95e1\u8ff0\u8457\u81ea\u7136AARS\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e26\u975e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u53ea\u91dd\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u53d7\u8cea\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u9020\u985e\u4f3c\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u53d7\u8cea\u4e5f\u4e26\u672a\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u6f14\u5316\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728AARS\u63d0\u9ad8\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\u7684\u9664\u932f\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e26\u672a\u906d\u9047\u904e\u4e26\u907f\u514d\uff1b\u5728\u9069\u7576\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u9019\u4e9b\u985e\u4f3c\u7269\u4e5f\u6703\u4f7f\u86cb\u767d\u5408\u6210\u7522\u751f\u55ae\u4e00\u5bc6\u78bc\u7d44\u5408\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u8f49\u8b6f\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u86cb\u767d\u751f\u5408\u6210\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u6b63\u4ea4\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c<em>Methanocaldococcus jannaschii<\/em> TyrRS\u2022<em>Mj<\/em>tRNA<sub>CUA<\/sub>(\u5716\u4e00)\u5728\u5927\u8178\u687f\u83cc\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8b49\u5be6<sup>1<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u5927\u8178\u687f\u83cc\u4e2dTAG\u505c\u6b62\u78bc\u50c5\u4f54\u6240\u6709\u505c\u6b62\u5bc6\u78bc\u76844%\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u518d\u8207RF1\u812b\u96e2\u56e0\u5b50\u7af6\u722d\u4e0b\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u8868\u73fe\u5168\u9577\u86cb\u767d\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0d\u539f\u672c\u7d30\u83cc\u9ad4\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u5f71\u97ff\u4e5f\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u5c0f\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u7d30\u83cc\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7d50\u5c3e\u5177\u6709\u591a\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u5bc6\u78bc\u3002\u63a5\u8457\u5728\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u83cc\u767c\u73fe\u4e14\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u53ca\u5c0e\u5411\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5421\u54af\u8cf4\u80fa\u91af\u8f49\u6838\u91a3\u6838\u9178\u5408\u6210\u9176(pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase, PylRS)\u2022tRNA<sub>CUA<\/sub><sup>2<\/sup>\u53ca\u78f7\u9178\u7d72\u80fa\u91af\u8f49\u6838\u91a3\u6838\u9178\u5408\u6210\u9176(<em>O<\/em>-phosphoseryl-tRNA Synthetase, SepRS)\u2022tRNA<sub>CUA<\/sub><sup>4<\/sup>\u7686\u9054\u6210\u751f\u7269\u6b63\u4ea4\u3002PylRS\u2022tRNA<sub>CUA<\/sub>\u914d\u5c0d\u7684tRNA\u5c6c\u65bc\u5929\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e14\u5177\u6709CUA\u7684\u53cd\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8b93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u65bc\u539f\u751f\u7684\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u83cc\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u9ad4\u5927\u52a0\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u77ad\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u975e\u5178\u578b\u57fa\u56e0\u89e3\u78bc\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u9ad4\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5cTAG\u505c\u6b62\u78bc\u70ba\u5177\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8f49\u8b6f\u5bc6\u78bc(sense codon)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20591\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20591\" class=\"wp-image-20591\" src=\"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-1-1024x333.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-1-1024x333.png 1024w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-1-300x98.png 300w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-1-768x250.png 768w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-1-1080x352.png 1080w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-1-794x258.png 794w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-1.png 1447w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20591\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\uff08\u5716\u4e00\uff09 \u7d30\u83cc\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u9ad4\u5167\u5d4c\u5165\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u5927\u8178\u687f\u83cc\u4e2d\u5229\u7528\u5177\u6709\u8fa8\u8a8d\u505c\u6b62\u5bc6\u78bc: TAG\uff0cTAA\uff0c\u53caTGA\uff1b\u7a00\u6709\u5bc6\u78bc(rare codon): AGG\u53ca\u56db\u9e7c\u57fa\u5bc6\u78bc(four base codon)AGGA\u53cd\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50(anticodon)\u7684tRNA\u7d93\u7531\u751f\u7269\u6b63\u4ea4\u80fa\u57fa\u91af\u5316-\u8f49\u6838\u91a3\u6838\u9178\u5408\u6210\u9176 (biorthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS))\u65bc\u9ad4\u5167\u5d4c\u5165\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u65bc\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u4fe1\u4f7f\u6838\u91a3\u6838\u9178(mRNA)\u4f4d\u9ede\uff0c\u7d93 \u6838\u91a3\u9ad4(ribosome)\u5408\u6210\u5168\u9577\u86cb\u767d\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7279\u7570\u6027\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u3002\u5716\u4e2d\u6240\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u6240\u5217\u70ba\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u767c\u5c55\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u6838 \u91a3\u9ad4\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u5de5\u7a0b\u5f8c\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4(\u91dd\u5c0dAGGA\u56db\u9e7c\u57fa\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50)\u751f\u5408\u6210\u7cfb\u7d71\u9ad4\u5167\u5d4c\u5165\u8207\u86cb\u767d\u8f49\u8b6f\u5f8c\u4fee\u98fe\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\uff1b\u7531 \u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u5206\u5225\u70baN \u03b5 -acetyl-L-lysine (AcK)\uff0cL-selenocysteine (Sec)\uff0cphospho-L-serine (pSer)\uff0cphospho- L-theorine (pThr)\u53caphospho-L-tyrosine (pTyr)\u3002 PylRS \u7531\u65bc\u548cPheRS \u03b2 domain \u5171\u4eab\u57fa<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>PylRS\u7531\u65bc\u548cPheRS b domain\u5171\u4eab\u57fa\u56e0\u6a39\u7956\u5148(ancestor)\uff0c\u5728\u5c0e\u5411\u6027\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u6f14\u5316\u4e0a\uff0c\u767c\u73fePylRS\u6d3b\u6027\u4e2d\u5fc3\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u5927\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u5c0dPhe\u985e\u4f3c\u7269\u7684\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u5728\u53d7\u8cea\u5ee3\u5ea6\u6e2c\u8a66\u4e0a\u767c\u73fe\u5177\u6709\u591a\u5411\u7279\u7570\u6027\u7684\u53d7\u8cea\u6d3b\u6027\u4e2d\u5fc3(substrate poly-specificity)\uff0c\u55ae\u5c31PylRS\u2022tRNA<sub>CUA<\/sub>\u914d\u5c0d\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u8868\u8d85\u904e\u5169\u767e\u7a2e\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u9ad4\u5167\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c0d\u86cb\u767d\u5f8c\u8f49\u8b6f\u4fee\u98fe\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u7576\u91cd\u8981\u7684AcK\u53capTyr\u9ad4\u5167\u5d4c\u5165(\u5716\u4e00)\uff0c\u7686\u7531\u6b64\u914d\u5c0d\u5de5\u7a0b\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u5f97\u3002PylRS\u2022tRNA<sub>CUA<\/sub>\u914d\u5c0d\u56e0\u70batRNA\u8207PylRS\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e26\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u53cd\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u5340\u57df\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64tRNA\u53cd\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u5340\u57df\u7a81\u8b8a\u70ba\u89e3\u78bc\u5176\u4ed6\u505c\u6b62\u78bc\u5982UUA\u6216CAU\uff0c\u7a00\u6709\u5bc6\u78bcCCU\uff0c\u751a\u81f3UGGU\u56db\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50(\u5716\u4e00)\uff0c\u4ecd\u80fd\u7dad\u6301PylRS\u6d3b\u6027\u53ca\u767c\u5c55\u66f4\u591a\u76f8\u4e92\u6b63\u4ea4\u7684PylRS\u2022tRNA<sub>CUA<\/sub>\u914d\u5c0d\u76f8\u7576\u9069\u5408\u3002\u552f\u56db\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u89e3\u78bc\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7d30\u83cc\u4e2d\u984d\u5916\u52a0\u5165\u5de5\u7a0b\u5f8c\u7684\u6838\u91a3\u9ad4\u4ee5\u6e96\u78ba\u89e3\u78bc\u8f49\u8b6f\u3002PylRS\u2022tRNA<sub>CUA<\/sub>\u914d\u5c0d\u5353\u8d8a\u4e4b\u8655\u662f\u6b64\u914d\u5c0d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u751f\u7269\u7686\u5c55\u73fe\u6b63\u4ea4\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76ee\u524d\u6b64\u914d\u5c0d\u53ef\u5728\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\uff0c\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u679c\u8805\uff0c\u7dda\u87f2\uff0c\u6591\u99ac\u9b5a\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u82a5\u53ca\u5c0f\u9f20\u7b49\u6a21\u5f0f\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c<sup>2<\/sup>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cSepRS\u2022tRNA<sub>CUA<\/sub>\u914d\u5c0d\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u5f8c\u7684\u53d7\u8cea\u53ea\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\uff0cSec, pSer\u53capThr\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u8207\u86cb\u767d\u5f8c\u8f49\u8b6f\u4fee\u98fe\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178(\u5716\u4e00)\u537b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e14\u5c0d\u65bc\u76f8\u95dc\u86cb\u767d\u6fc0\u9176(kinase)\u53ca\u7852\u86cb\u767d(selenoprotein)\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u53ca\u6df1\u9060\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7d30\u83cc\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e5\u76ca\u7cbe\u9032\u7684\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u53ca\u57fa\u56e0\u7de8\u8f2f\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5408\u6210\u7d30\u83cc\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u5c07\u505c\u6b62\u5bc6\u78bc\u8ce6\u4e88\u610f\u7fa9\u6216\u7e2e\u6e1b\u7d30\u83cc\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5bc6\u78bc\u4f7f\u7528\u7a2e\u985e\u3002\u5728\u8ce6\u4e88\u505c\u6b62\u5bc6\u78bc\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0cRF1\u812b\u96e2\u56e0\u5b50\u57fa\u56e0\u5254\u9664\u53ca\u8abf\u6574\u70ba\u7d30\u83cc\u6b63\u5e38\u751f\u5b58\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0b\u6e38\u505c\u6b62\u5bc6\u78bc(\u5716\u4e8c\u53f3\u4e0a)<sup>5<\/sup>\uff0c\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u5c07\u505c\u6b62\u78bc\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u8f49\u8b6f\u5bc6\u78bc\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u589e\u9032\u4e86\u55ae\u4e00\u86cb\u767d\u53ef\u5d4c\u5165\u55ae\u4e00\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u905430\u4f4d\u9ede<sup>6<\/sup>\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e00\u822c\u86cb\u767d\u8f49\u8b6f\u5177\u591a\u500b\u4f4d\u9ede\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u53ca\u86cb\u767d\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u7d30\u83cc\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5168\u5408\u6210\u7684\u5617\u8a66\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u7de8\u78bc\u53ca\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u85cd\u5716\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u8003\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86TAG\u505c\u6b62\u78bc\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u5bc6\u78bc\u7684\u7c21\u4f75\u6027(condon degeneracy)\uff0c\u5982\u516d\u500b\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u7c21\u4f75\u8f49\u8b6f\u70ba\u4eae\u80fa\u9178(leucine)-TTA\u53caTTG\u6216\u7d72\u80fa\u9178(serine)-TCG\u53caTCA\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a00\u6709\u5bc6\u78bcAGG\u53caAGA\u3002\u572857<sup>7<\/sup>\u53ca61<sup>8<\/sup>\u500b\u7e2e\u6e1b\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5efa\u69cb(\u5716\u4e8c\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8)\uff0c\u76ee\u524d61\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u8b49\u5be6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u751f\u9577\u53ca\u7e41\u6b96<sup>7<\/sup>\u3002\u4e5f\u70ba\u540c\u6642\u653e\u5165\u4e09\u500b\u6b63\u4ea4\u914d\u5c0d\u4e14\u5728\u86cb\u767d\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ef\u904b\u752823\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u5efa\u7acb\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u5728\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9e7c\u57fa\u914d\u5c0dXY\u904b\u7528\u758f\u6c34\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u529b(\u5716\u4e09)\uff0c\u4e26\u8207ATGC\u6c2b\u9375\u914d\u5c0d\u76f8\u4e92\u6b63\u4ea4<sup>9<\/sup>\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5916\u52a0XY\u53bb\u6c27\u6838\u91a3\u6838\u9178\uff0c\u9ad4\u5916\u904b\u8f38\u81f3\u7d30\u83cc\u9ad4\u5167\u53ca\u534a\u751f\u671f\u5728\u6e2c\u8a66\u5f8c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u8cea\u9ad4\u6210\u529f\u9032\u884c\u8f49\u9304\u3002\u5728\u907d\u589e\u7684216 (6\u00d76\u00d76)\u500b\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u7d44\u5408\u4e0b\uff0c\u6263\u9664\u7d30\u83cc64\u500b\u539f\u59cb\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\uff0c156\u500b\u65b0\u589e\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\uff0c\u5c07<em>Mj<\/em>TyrRS\u2022<em>Mj<\/em>tRNA<sub>CUA <\/sub>\u53caPylRS\u2022tRNA<sub>CUA<\/sub>\u5169\u500b\u751f\u7269\u6b63\u4ea4\u914d\u5c0d\u7684 tRNA\u53cd\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u5340\u57df\u7a81\u8b8a\u70ba\u542bX\u6216Y\u7684\u53cd\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5728\u5927\u8178\u687f\u83cc\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u542bXY\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u8f49\u8b6f\u4e26\u5d4c\u5165\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u8207\u8a2d\u8a08\u4f4d\u9ede<sup>10<\/sup>\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u4e5f\u9810\u793a\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7d0d\u66f4\u591a\u6b63\u4ea4\u7684AARS\u2022tRNA\u914d\u5c0d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20592\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20592\" class=\"wp-image-20592\" src=\"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-2-1024x513.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-2-1024x513.png 1024w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-2-300x150.png 300w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-2-768x384.png 768w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-2-1080x541.png 1080w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-2-1280x640.png 1280w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-2-400x200.png 400w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-2-803x402.png 803w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-2.png 1948w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20592\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\uff08\u5716\u4e8c\uff09 \u91ce\u751f\u682a\u5927\u8178\u687f\u83cc(E. Coli )\u7d93\u904e\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u53ca\u65b0\u578b\u57fa\u56e0\u5408\u6210\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u57fa\u56e0\u5bc6\u78bc\u4f7f\u7528\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u65b0\u578bAARS\u2022tRNA\u914d\u5c0d \u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5de6\u4e0a\u70ba\u91ce\u751f\u682a\u5927\u8178\u687f\u83cc\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u4f7f\u752861\u7d44\u8f49\u8b6f\u57fa\u56e0\u5bc6\u78bc\u53ca3\u7d44\u505c\u6b62\u5bc6\u78bc(TAG\uff0cTAA\u53caTGA)\u3002\u53f3\u4e0a\u70ba\u5c07RF1\u86cb\u767d\u57fa \u56e0\u81ea\u5927\u8178\u687f\u83cc\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u4e2d\u5254\u9664\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4TAG\u505c\u6b62\u5bc6\u78bc\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u70ba\u8f49\u8b6f\u57fa\u56e0\u5bc6\u78bc\u3002\u4ee5\u53f3\u4e0a\u25b3RF\u5927\u8178\u687f\u83cc\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u70ba\u85cd\u672c\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u524d \u885b\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u5225\u5254\u9664\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u4e2d\u5206\u5225\u70baTCG\u53caTCG(\u5de6\u4e0b)\u8207TCG\u3001TCA\u3001TTA\u3001TTG\u3001AGG\u53caAGA(\u53f3\u4e0b)\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5408\u6210 \u50c5\u752861\u548c57\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u7684\u5927\u8178\u687f\u83cc\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20593\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20593\" class=\"wp-image-20593\" src=\"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-3-1024x446.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"348\" srcset=\"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-3-1024x446.png 1024w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-3-300x131.png 300w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-3-768x334.png 768w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-3-1080x470.png 1080w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-3-366x159.png 366w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-3-574x250.png 574w, https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/20191128_3-1-3.png 1780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20593\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\uff08\u5716\u4e09\uff09 \u65b0\u578bXY\u9e7c\u57fa\u914d\u5c0d(base pair)\u7d93\u7531\u5927\u8178\u687f\u83cc\u9ad4\u5167\u8f49\u9304\u548c\u8f49\u8b6f\u5d4c\u5165\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u3002X\u53caY\u9e7c\u57fa\u914d\u5c0d\u5229\u7528\u751f\u7269\u6b63\u4ea4\u7684\u758f\u6c34\u6027 \u4f5c\u7528\u529b(hydrophobic interactions)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u7136\u8f49\u8b6f\u53ca\u8f49\u9304\u7684\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u6a23\u57fa\u56e0\u5bc6\u78bcATGCXY(63 = 216)\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210 \u751f\u7522\u86cb\u767d\u4e14\u5c55\u73fe\u66f4\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7684\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u5d4c\u5165\u6f5b\u529b<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u85c9\u7531\u958b\u95e2\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u7e2e\u6e1b\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u6216\u5275\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u6b63\u4ea4\u57fa\u56e0\u5bc6\u78bcXY\uff0c\u7686\u63d0\u4f9b\u6578\u500b\u5230156\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7de8\u78bc\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u578bAARS\u2022tRNA\u914d\u5c0d\u8f49\u8b6f\u89e3\u78bc\u4ee5\u5d4c\u5165\u591a\u7a2e\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u767c\u5c55\u4ee5PylRS\u2022tRNA<sub>CUA<\/sub>\u4e2d\u7121N\u7aef\u5340\u6bb5\u7684PylRS\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u7a0btRNA\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u76f8\u4e92\u6b63\u4ea4\uff0c\u4e26\u6210\u529f\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u505c\u6b62\u5bc6\u78bcTAG\u53caTAA\u5206\u5225\u5177\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7279\u7570\u6027\u5d4c\u5165\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u3002\u9019\u500b\u9818\u57df\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u61c9\u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u66f4\u591a\u76f8\u4e92\u6b63\u4ea4\u7684AARS\u2022tRNA\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u512a\u5316AARS\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6548\u7387\u4ee5\u52dd\u4efb\u65bc\u55ae\u4e00\u86cb\u767d\u4e2d\u591a\u4f4d\u9ede\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u65b0\u7a4e\u86cb\u767d\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ca\u529f\u80fd\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Liu, C. C. and Schultz, P. G., Adding new chemistries to the genetic code., <em> Rev. Biochem.<\/em> <strong>79<\/strong> (2010) 413-44.<\/li>\n<li>Chin, J. W., Expanding and reprogramming the genetic code. <em>Nature<\/em>, <strong>550<\/strong> (2017) 53-60.<\/li>\n<li>O&#8217;Donoghue, P., Ling, J., Wang, Y. S. and S\u00f6ll, D. Upgrading protein synthesis for synthetic biology. <em> Chem. Biol.<\/em> <strong>9<\/strong>, (2013), 594-598.<\/li>\n<li>Park, H. S. et al., Expanding the genetic code of Escherichia coli with phosphoserine., <em>Science<\/em> <strong>333<\/strong> (2011), 1151-4.<\/li>\n<li>Mukai, T., et al. Codon reassignment in the Escherichia coli genetic code.\u00a0<em>Nucleic Acids Res.<\/em><strong>38<\/strong> (2010) 8188-8195.<\/li>\n<li>Amiram, M., et al, Evolution of translation machinery in recoded bacteria enables multi-site incorporation of nonstandard amino acids, <em> Biotechnol.<\/em> <strong>33<\/strong> (2015) 1272\u20131279.<\/li>\n<li>Fredens, J., et al. Total synthesis of <em>Escherichia coli<\/em> with a recoded genome.\u00a0<em>Nature<\/em><strong>569<\/strong> (2019) 514-518.<\/li>\n<li>Ostrov, N., et al. Design, synthesis, and testing toward a 57-codon genome.\u00a0<em>Science<\/em><strong>353<\/strong> (2016) 819-822.<\/li>\n<li>Malyshev, D. A. et al., A semi-synthetic organism with an expanded genetic alphabet, <em>Nature<\/em> <strong>509<\/strong> (2014) 385-388.<\/li>\n<li>Zhang, Y. et al, A semi-synthetic organism that stores and retrieves increased genetic information, <em>Nature<\/em> <strong>551<\/strong> (2017) 644\u2013647.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u86cb\u767d\u8a2d\u8a08\u5728\u65b0\u578b\u529f\u80fd\u9175\u7d20\u86cb\u767d\u53ca\u5177\u6709\u91ab\u7642\u6f5b\u529b\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u86cb\u767d\u8a2d\u8a08\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u5728\u66f4\u5f37\u5927\u96fb\u8166\u8a08\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u53ca\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b78\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u5728\u86cb\u767d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20593,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[991,983],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20621"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20621"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20621\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20624,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20621\/revisions\/20624"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20593"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}