{"id":1873,"date":"2018-06-07T08:20:45","date_gmt":"2018-06-07T00:20:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/?p=1873"},"modified":"2021-08-12T15:37:18","modified_gmt":"2021-08-12T07:37:18","slug":"%e6%b0%b4%e7%a8%bb%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e9%ab%94%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e6%96%b0%e9%87%8c%e7%a8%8b%e7%a2%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/1873\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5c08\u6b04\u3011\u6c34\u7a3b\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u7814\u7a76\u65b0\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u683d\u57f9\u6c34\u7a3b\u7684\u8fd1\u89aa\u8207\u9060\u89aa<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u7a3b\u5c6c(Oryza<\/em> genus)\u4e2d\u5171\u670924\u500b\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e9e\u6d32\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b(O. sativa<\/em>)\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b(O. glaberrima<\/em>)\u53ca\u5176\u7956\u5148(O. rufipogon<\/em>\u3001<\/em> O. nivara<\/em>\u548c<\/em>O. barthii<\/em>)\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u70baAA\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u578b\u7684\u300c\u8fd1\u89aa\u300d\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b: O. glumaepatula<\/em>\u3001<\/em> O. meridionalis<\/em>\u53ca<\/em>O. longistaminata<\/em>\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5982\u5716<\/em>1<\/em>\u6240\u793a[1]\u3002\u5176\u4ed616\u500b\u300c\u9060\u89aa\u300d\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982O. punctate(<\/em>BB)\u3001O. officinalis<\/em>(CC)\u3001O. australiensis<\/em> (EE)\u3001<\/em>O. brachyantha(FF)<\/em>\u8207<\/em>O. granulate(GG)<\/em>\u5206\u5c6c\u65bc\u5dee\u7570\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u578b\uff0c\u5c1a\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8f03\u8907\u96dc\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u578bBBCC\u3001CCDD\u3001JJHH\u548cJJKK\u7b49\uff0c\u5916\u8868\u578b\u5982\u57162\u6240\u793a\u3002\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u5916\u89c0\u8207\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u5dee\u7570\u9817\u5927\uff0c\u5728\u91ce\u5916\u751a\u81f3\u5e38\u88ab\u8aa4\u8a8d\u70ba\u96dc\u8349\uff0c\u5982\u4e9e\u6d32\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b(O. rufipogon)<\/em>\u682a\u9ad8\u5230\u9054<\/em>2<\/em>\u516c\u5c3a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e14\u7a40\u7c92\u6709\u9577\u8292\uff0c\u800c<\/em>O. brachyantha<\/em>\u5247\u77ee\u65bc<\/em>1<\/em>\u516c\u5c3a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c<\/em>\u9019\u4e9b\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u54c1\u7a2e\u537b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u4ecd\u5f85\u958b\u767c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8fb2\u85dd\u6027\u72c0\u5c07\u6709\u6f5b\u529b\u89e3\u6c7a\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u4eca\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u6c34\u7a3b\u751f\u7522\u4e2d\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u7e2e\u77ed\u751f\u9577\u671f\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u7522\u91cf\u53ca\u54c1\u8cea\u3001\u6297\u75c5\u87f2\u5bb3\u3001\u8010\u65f1\u53ca\u9ad8\u9e7d\u3001\u8010\u9ad8\u4f4e\u6eab\u7b49\u6027\u72c0\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u8fd1\u89aa\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u5206\u5e03\u5340\u57df\u5716[1]<\/p><\/div>

\"\"

\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u53ca\u5176\u8fd1\u3001\u9060\u89aa\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u5916\u89c0[7]\u3002\u6700\u5de6\u908a\u70ba\u4e9e\u6d32\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u65c1\u908a\u662f\u975e\u6d32\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u3002<\/p><\/div>\u7a3b\u7c73\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u660e\u767c\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ce7\u98df\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7121\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u53ef\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u4e9e\u6d32\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b(O. sativa<\/em>)\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u6d32\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b(O. glaberrima<\/em>)\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u7531\u5176\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u7956\u5148\u7368\u7acb\u99b4\u5316\u800c\u4f86\uff1a\u4e9e\u6d32\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u65bc\u5927\u7d04\u4e00\u842c\u5e74\u524d\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u9577\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u7531\u5176\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b(O. rufipogon)<\/em>\u99b4\u5316\u800c\u4f86\uff1b\u975e\u6d32\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u5247\u65bc\u7d04\u4e09\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u99b4\u5316\u81ea\u975e\u6d32\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b(O. barthii<\/em>)\u3002\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u8207\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u5728\u5916\u8868\u578b\u614b\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u7406\u7279\u5fb5\u4e0a\u5747\u6709\u6975\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7a2e\u690d\u5e7e\u4e4e\u904d\u5e03\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e9e\u6d32\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ce7\u98df\u4f86\u6e90\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u4f5c\u7269\u3001\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u88ab\u8996\u4f5c\u690d\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6a21\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u95dc\u65bc\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8d77\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u99b4\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4ecd\u7136\u5145\u6eff\u722d\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u98f2\u98df\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u4e9e\u6d32\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u6210\u70ba\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8fd1\u4e00\u534a\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ce7\u98df\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd1\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u81b3\u98df\u71b1\u91cf\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u53e3\u57282050\u5e74\u5c07\u589e\u52a0\u523030\u5104\uff0c\u7a3b\u7c73\u80b2\u7a2e\u5bb6\u8feb\u5207\u5730\u9700\u8981\u80b2\u6210\u5177\u9ad8\u7522\u91cf\u3001\u9ad8\u71df\u990a\u3001\u9ad8\u62b5\u6297\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u5316\u529b\u7684\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u54c1\u7cfb\u3002\u800c\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u7684\u8fd1\u89aa\u300c\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u300d\u904d\u5e03\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u74b0\u5883(\u5716<\/em>1<\/em>)\uff0c\u5f9e\u8ca7\u810a\u7684\u4e7e\u65f1\u5730\u81f3\u6df1\u6c34\u5340\u57df\u751a\u81f3\u60e1\u52a3\u7684\u751f\u9577\u689d\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u8e64\u5f71\uff1b\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u80fd\u62b5\u6297\u591a\u7a2e\u751f\u7269\u6027\u9006\u5883\u53ca\u9069\u61c9\u975e\u751f\u7269\u6027\u74b0\u5883\u9006\u5883\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u6df1\u6df1\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u80b2\u7a2e\u5b78\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u76ee\u5149\uff0c\u8996\u70ba\u53ef\u7528\u4f86\u6539\u826f\u73fe\u6709\u683d\u57f9\u7a2e\u7684\u5bf6\u5eab\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u5c0e\u5165\u91cd\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4e26\u975e\u5929\u65b9\u591c\u8b5a\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\u572870\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7fa4\u6c34\u7a3b\u80b2\u7a2e\u5bb6\u958b\u59cb\u6ce8\u610f\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b O. longistaminata<\/em>\uff0c\u6b64\u54c1\u7a2e\u5c0d\u65bc\u767d\u8449\u67af\u75c5\u5177\u5ee3\u6548\u7684\u5c0d\u6297\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u7d30\u83cc\u75c5\u539f\u83ccXanthomonas campestris pv. Oryzae<\/em>\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6c34\u7a3b\u767d\u8449\u67af\u75c5\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e9e\u6d32\u53ca\u975e\u6d32\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u7686\u9020\u6210\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u75c5\u5bb3\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u7a3b\u4f5c\u7522\u91cf[2]\u3002\u5b78\u8005\u5f9e\u91ce\u751f\u7a3bO. longistaminata<\/em>\u4e2d\u9451\u5b9a\u4e00\u7fa4\u5177\u6709\u62b5\u6297\u767d\u8449\u67af\u75c5\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684Xa-21<\/em>\u5c31\u662f<\/em>\u57281990\u6642\u7531Khush\u6240\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5728O. longistaminata<\/em>\u4e2d\u88ab\u9451\u5b9a\u51fa\u7684\u6297\u75c5\u57fa\u56e0[3]\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u904b\u7528\u65bc\u6c34\u7a3b\u5c0d\u6297\u767d\u8449\u67af\u75c5\u7684\u80b2\u7a2e\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u61c9\u4eba\u53e3\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u9577\u3001\u8015\u7a2e\u9762\u7a4d\u6e1b\u5c11\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u5929\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u6025\u907d\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u4e0d\u8db3\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u70ba\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u7387\u5229\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u73fe\u4ee3\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u9060\u89aa\u2014\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u89e3\u8b80\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u53ca\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u662f\u6975\u70ba\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u65b0\u4e16\u4ee3\u5b9a\u5e8f\u6280\u8853\u6a6b\u7a7a\u51fa\u4e16<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b9a\u5e8f\u53ca\u8a3b\u89e3\u529f\u80fd\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8a08\u756b\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u5b9a\u5e8f\u6280\u8853\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u81ea1998\u5e74\u7531\u4f86\u81ea10\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5408\u4f5c\u570b\u969b\u6c34\u7a3b\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b9a\u5e8f\u8a08\u5283(International Rice Genome Sequencing Project, IRGSP)\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u65e5\u672c\u73fe\u4ee3\u7cb3\u7a3b\u54c1\u7a2e<\/em>\u300c\u65e5\u672c\u6674\u300d(Nipponbare)\u9032\u884c\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u5b9a\u5e8f\u53ca\u8a3b\u89e3\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6674\u6c34\u7a3b\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5168\u9577\u7d043\u5104 8\u5343\u842c\u9e7c\u57fa\u5c0d(bp)\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u7d04\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u7684\u516b\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7d30\u83cc\u4eba\u5de5\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4 (Bacterial artificial chromosome\uff0cBAC)\u5efa\u7acb\u4e4b\u5927\u7247\u6bb5\u9078\u6b96\u57fa\u56e0\u5eab\uff0c\u4f9d\u5176\u88fd\u4f5c\u8a73\u5be6\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5716\u8b5c(physical maps)\uff0c\u518d\u9010\u6b65\u5b9a\u5e8f\u8f49\u6b96\u8f09\u9ad4(cloning vectors)\uff0c\u5b9a\u5e8f\u6df1\u5ea6\u7d0410\u500d\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5229\u7528\u6e2c\u5e8f\u7247\u6bb5\u91cd\u758a\u5340\u57df\u5c07\u7247\u6bb5\u63a5\u8d77\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u8ca0\u8cac\u6c34\u7a3b\u7b2c5\u689d\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u7684\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u5168\u9577\u8fd13\u5343\u842c\u500b\u9e7c\u57fa\u5c0d\uff0c\u5b9a\u5e8f\u53ca\u57fa\u56e0\u8a3b\u89e3\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u690d\u5fae\u6240\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c\u9054\u621099%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8986\u84cb\u7387 (\u7b46\u8005\u6709\u5e78\u53c3\u6210\u70ba\u5c0f\u5c0f\u87ba\u7d72\u91d8\uff0c\u4ea6\u65bc\u6709\u69ae\u7109)\u3002\u570b\u969b\u6c34\u7a3b\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b9a\u5e8f\u8a08\u756b\u65bc2004\u5e74\u5e95\u9054\u6210\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u524d\u5f8c\u6b77\u66427\u5e74\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u89e3\u958b95%\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u9023\u6700\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u8907\u5e8f\u5217\u5340\u57df\u4e2d\u7570\u67d3\u8272\u8cea\u8207\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7bc0\u4e5f\u88ab\u90e8\u5206\u5b9a\u5e8f\u3002\u6574\u500b\u5718\u968a\u65bc2005\u5e74\u5c07\u6210\u679c\u767c\u8868\u65bcNature\u671f\u520a[4]\u3002\u7576\u6642\u7684\u5b9a\u5e8f\u6280\u8853\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u7406\u4ecd\u70ba\u50b3\u7d71Sanger\u5b9a\u5e8f\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Applied Biosystems\u2122 3700\uff0c\u5176\u7e3d\u8b80\u5e8f\u6578\u91cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u512a\u52e2\u70ba\u8b80\u5e8f\u7247\u6bb5\u9577(\u8b80\u5e8f\u7247\u6bb5\u7d04900bp)\u4e14\u8b80\u5e8f\u54c1\u8cea\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5f8c\u9032\u884c\u7d44\u88dd\u53ef\u85c9\u7531\u524d\u5f8c\u7247\u6bb5\u9593\u91cd\u758a\u5340\u57df\u9032\u800c\u7d44\u6210\u5b8c\u6210\u5927\u7247\u6bb5\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5f8c\uff0c\u6b21\u4e16\u4ee3\u5b9a\u5e8f\u6280\u8853Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)\u6a6b\u7a7a\u51fa\u4e16\uff0c\u4ee5\u5927\u91cf\u5e73\u884c\u5b9a\u5e8f(massively parallel sequencing)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u69cb\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u5b9a\u5e8f\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u4e4b\u65b0\u8208\u6280\u8853[5]\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u5927\u91cf\u5e8f\u5217\u7247\u6bb5\u9054\u5230\u540c\u6642\u9ad8\u901f\u4e14\u9ad8\u901a\u91cf\u7684\u6838\u9178\u5b9a\u5e8f\uff1b\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6a23\u54c1\u4e0d\u9808\u7d93\u904e\u8cea\u9ad4\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6e1b\u5c11\u88fd\u5099\u6642\u9593\u8207\u4eba\u529b\uff0c\u4e26\u964d\u4f4e\u8907\u88fd\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u9e7c\u57fa\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u6b21\u4e16\u4ee3\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5e73\u53f0\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09: Illumina\u3001ABI SOLiD\u8207Roche 454\u3002\u6b21\u4e16\u4ee3\u5b9a\u5e8f\u7522\u51fa\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u6578\u64da\u91cf\u5e7e\u4e4e\u70ba\u524d\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u5341\u842c\u500d\uff0c\u4f46\u8b80\u5e8f\u7247\u6bb5\u8f03\u77ed(100~500bp)\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6b21\u4e16\u4ee3\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5e73\u53f0\u5f97\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u77ed\u7247\u6bb5\u5e8f\u5217\u6b32\u7d44\u88dd\u6210\u5927\u7247\u6bb5\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u9762\u81e8\u5230\u96fb\u8166\u904b\u7b97\u6548\u80fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u61c9\u4ed8\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7a98\u5883\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5167\u5e8f\u5217\u91cd\u8907\u6027\u5340\u57df\u5e38\u8f03\u8b80\u5e8f\u7247\u6bb5\u9577\uff0c\u4e5f\u9762\u81e8\u5230\u7d44\u88dd\u6642\u77ed\u7247\u6bb5\u8b80\u5e8f\u7121\u6cd5\u5224\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u81ea\u6b21\u4e16\u4ee3\u5b9a\u5e8f\u6280\u8853\u6210\u719f\u5f8c\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u3001\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u6587\u737b\u5982\u96e8\u5f8c\u6625\u7b4d\u822c\u767c\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u9762\u81e8\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6240\u5e78\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u5b9a\u5e8f\u6280\u8853\u5e73\u53f0\u6301\u7e8c\u8ecd\u5099\u7af6\u8cfd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Oxford Nanopore\u3001Pacific Biosciences\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u7559\u9ad8\u901a\u91cf\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u4e0b\u5ef6\u9577\u8b80\u5e8f\u9577\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u9810\u671f\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u5c07\u4f86\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u6e2c\u5e8f\u5c07\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u74f6\u9838\u800c\u662f\u8d77\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6c34\u7a3b\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u7814\u7a76\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5728\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b\u65e5\u672c\u6674\u4e4b\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u89e3\u8b80\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cRod Wing\u535a\u58eb\u96a8\u5373\u865f\u53ec\u8a31\u591a\u539f\u672c\u570b\u969b\u6c34\u7a3b\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b9a\u5e8f\u8a08\u5283\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u54e1\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u7a3b\u5c6c\u7269\u7a2e\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u8a08\u756b (The Oryza Map Alignment Project, OMAP)[6]\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u4e5f\u53c3\u8207\u6b64\u8a08\u756b\u9032\u884cO. nivara<\/em>\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/em> \u3002\u96d6\u56ff\u65bc\u521d\u4ee3\u5b9a\u5e8f\u6280\u8853\u7684\u8017\u6642\u8017\u529b\u4e14\u6240\u8cbb\u4e0d\u8cb2\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u5faa\u8457\u76f8\u4eff\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7d30\u83cc\u4eba\u5de5\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4(BAC)\u5efa\u7acb\u9078\u6b96\u57fa\u56e0\u5eab\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u88fd\u4f5c\u57fa\u56e0\u5716\u8b5c(physical maps)\uff0c\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u4f5c\u696d\uff0c\u975c\u5f85\u6642\u6a5f\u3002\u6240\u5e78\uff0c\u6b21\u4e16\u4ee3\u5b9a\u5e8f\u6280\u8853\u7684\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u642d\u8457\u65b0\u6280\u8853\u7684\u9806\u98a8\u8eca\u8d81\u52e2\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u89e3\u8b80\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5e8f\u5217\u5305\u542b6\u500b\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b(O. rufipogon(<\/em>\u4e9e\u6d32<\/em>), O. nivara(<\/em>\u4e9e\u6d32<\/em>), O. barthii(<\/em>\u975e\u6d32<\/em>), O. glumaepatula(<\/em>\u7f8e\u6d32<\/em>), O. meridionalis(<\/em>\u6fb3\u6d32<\/em>), O. punctate(<\/em>\u975e\u6d32\uff0c<\/em>BB<\/em>\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u578b<\/em>))<\/em>\u3001\u5916\u7fa4(outgroup) Leersia perrieri(<\/em>\u4f86\u81ea\u99ac\u9054\u52a0\u65af\u52a0\u5cf6<\/em>) <\/em>(\u57161)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca2\u500b\u4e9e\u6d32\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b(N22\u53caIR8)\uff0c\u54c1\u8cea\u9054\u5230\u582a\u8207\u65e5\u672c\u6674\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5e8f\u5217\u76f8\u6bd4\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u6c34\u6e96\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5718\u968a\u4e26\u5229\u7528\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5e73\u53f0Pacific Biosciences\u5b9a\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e9e\u6d32\u683d\u57f9\u7a3bN22\u53caIR8\u3002\u683d\u57f9\u7a3bNagina 22(N22)\u5177\u6709\u8010\u65f1\u3001\u8010\u71b1\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u56e0\u5176\u6df1\u6839\u7684\u6027\u72c0\u5099\u53d7\u77da\u76ee\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6df9\u6c34\u7a3b\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u3002IR8(\u53c8\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5947\u8e5f\u7a3b\u300d)\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u7522\u6c34\u7a3b\u54c1\u7cfb\uff0c\u7531\u570b\u969b\u7a3b\u7c73\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3(International Rice Research Institute, IRRI)\u80b2\u51fa\u3002\u7531\u65bc50\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e9e\u6d32\u8655\u65bc\u9951\u8352\u908a\u7de3\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6c34\u7a3b\u5c08\u5bb6\u5f35\u5fb7\u6148\u535a\u58eb\u5229\u7528\u53f0\u7063\u672c\u571f\u7684\u534a\u77ee\u54c1\u7cfb\u4f4e\u8173\u70cf\u5c16(Dee-geo-woo-gen)\uff0c\u80b2\u51fa\u4ee5IR8\u70ba\u9996\u7684\u9ad8\u7522\u91cfIR\u7cfb\u5217\u54c1\u7cfb\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u4e9e\u6d32\u7da0\u8272\u9769\u547d(Green Revolution)\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc60\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u3001\u7dec\u7538\u3001\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u99ac\u4f86\u897f\u4e9e\u7b49\u5730\u6e1b\u7de9\u4e86\u7ce7\u98df\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c2016\u5e74\u6b63\u662fIR8\u80b2\u621050\u5468\u5e74\u6176\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b8c\u6210\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b9a\u5e8f\u53ca\u7d44\u88dd\u5f8c\uff0cOMAP\u8a08\u756b\u5c07\u90199\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u8207\u524d\u5148\u5df2\u767c\u8868\u76844\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4(\u4e9e\u6d32\u683d\u57f9\u7a3bO. staiva vg. Japonica(<\/em>\u7cb3\u7a3b<\/em>)<\/em>\u53caIndica(<\/em>\u79c8\u7a3b<\/em>)<\/em>\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u683d\u57f9\u7a3b<\/em>O. graberrima<\/em>\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u9060\u7de3\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b<\/em>O. brachyantha(FF<\/em>\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u578b<\/em>)<\/em>)\u5229\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8a3b\u89e3\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u7a3b\u5c6c\u7cfb\u7d71\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u4e26\u652f\u6301\u79c8\u7a3bIndica<\/em>\u8207\u7cb3\u7a3bJaponica<\/em>\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u8d77\u6e90\u4e00\u8aaa\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u63a8\u6e2c\u51faAA\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u578b\u7269\u7a2e\u6f14\u5316\u5206\u652f\u61c9\u5c11\u65bc\u5169\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u842c\u5e74\uff1b\u6b64\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u578b\u7269\u7a2e\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6ef2\u5165(introgression)\u6b77\u53f2\u53ca\u57fa\u56e0\u79fb\u5f99(gene flow)\u8db3\u8de1\u4ecd\u53ef\u88ab\u8ffd\u8e64\uff1b\u5171\u6709 21,448\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u5bb6\u65cf\u88ab\u8fa8\u8b58\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u53ef\u5340\u5206\u70ba4\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5bb6\u65cf\u5011\u53ef\u88ab\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u88ab\u5b50\u690d\u7269\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\u6578\u5343\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u9593\u7684\u9577\u93c8\u975e\u7de8\u78bcRNA (long intergenic noncoding RNA, LincRNA)\u3002\u5728\u5916\u7fa4L. perrieri<\/em>\u4e2d<\/em>\u5177\u6709\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7a3b\u5c6c\u66f4\u591a\u7684lincRNAs\uff1b\u800c\u5169\u683d\u57f9\u7a2eO. sativa<\/em>\u548cO. glaberrima<\/em>\u4e2d\uff0clincRNAs\u986f\u8457\u5c11\u65bc\u5176\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u7956\u5148\u3002\u6b64lincRNAs\u6709\u8457\u7a2e\u5225\u7279\u7570\u6027(species specific)\uff0c\u53ef\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u65b0\u578b\u614b\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u591a\u6578\u690d\u7269\u6297\u75c5\u57fa\u56e0\u7de8\u78bcNLR(nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat)\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u9593\u63a5\u8fa8\u8b58\u75c5\u539f\u3002NLR\u6578\u91cf\u5728\u7a3b\u5c6c\u9593\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u8b8a\u7684\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u9451\u5b9a\u4e865,408\u500b\u5019\u9078NLR\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u7bc4\u570d\u5f9eO. brachyantha<\/em>\u7684237\u500b\u5230\u79c8\u7a3bO. sativa vg. indica<\/em>\u7684535\u500b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8207\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u7956\u5148\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u79c8\u7a3b\u8207\u7cb3\u7a3b\u7684NLR\u589e\u5e45\u660e\u986f\u5f97\u9ad8\u51fa\u8a31\u591a\uff1b\u6b64\u7d50\u679c\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u70ba\u9078\u62d4\u65b9\u5f0f\u6240\u589e\u52a0NLR\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91ce\u751f\u7a3b\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b9a\u5e8f\u53ca\u8a3b\u89e3\u529f\u80fd\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8a08\u756b\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc\u4eca\u5e74\u521d(2018\u5e74)\u767c\u8868\u65bcNature Genetics\u671f\u520a[1]\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u7576\u671f\u5c01\u9762\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4ea6\u516c\u958b\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8005\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Stein JC, Yu Y, Copetti D, Zwickl DJ, Zhang L, Zhang C, Chougule K, Gao D, Iwata A, Goicoechea JL et al<\/em>: Genomes of 13 domesticated and wild rice relatives highlight genetic conservation, turnover and innovation across the genus Oryza. Nat Genet <\/em>2018, 50(2):285-296.<\/li>\n
  2. Song W-Y, Wang G-L, Chen L-L, Kim H-S, Pi L-Y, Holsten T, Gardner J, Wang B, Zhai W-X, Zhu L-H: A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the rice disease resistance gene, Xa21. science <\/em>1995, 270(5243):1804-1806.<\/li>\n
  3. KHUSH GS, BACALANGCO E, Ogawa T: 18. A New Gene for Resistance to Bacterial Blight from O. longistaminata. 1990.<\/li>\n
  4. Sasaki T: The map-based sequence of the rice genome. Nature <\/em>2005, 436(7052):793.<\/li>\n
  5. Goodwin S, McPherson JD, McCombie WR: Coming of age: ten years of next-generation sequencing technologies. Nature Reviews Genetics <\/em>2016, 17(6):333.<\/li>\n
  6. Wing RA, Ammiraju JS, Luo M, Kim H, Yu Y, Kudrna D, Goicoechea JL, Wang W, Nelson W, Rao K et al<\/em>: The oryza map alignment project: the golden path to unlocking the genetic potential of wild rice species. Plant molecular biology <\/em>2005, 59(1):53-62.<\/li>\n
  7. Sanchez PL, Wing RA, Brar DS: The Wild Relative of Rice: Genomes and Genomics. 2013:9-25.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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