{"id":15998,"date":"2019-01-03T00:00:32","date_gmt":"2019-01-02T16:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/?p=15998"},"modified":"2021-08-11T16:37:26","modified_gmt":"2021-08-11T08:37:26","slug":"%e5%85%92%e7%ab%a5%e9%81%8e%e5%8b%95%e7%97%87%e7%9a%84%e5%9c%a8%e5%9c%b0%e7%99%bc%e5%b1%95%ef%bc%9a-%e7%96%be%e7%97%85%e8%aa%8d%e7%9f%a5%e3%80%81%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%84%8f%e7%be%a9%e8%88%87%e5%b0%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/15998\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5c08\u6b04\u3011\u5152\u7ae5\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u7684\u5728\u5730\u767c\u5c55\uff1a\u75be\u75c5\u8a8d\u77e5\u3001\u793e\u6703\u610f\u7fa9\u8207\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u7db2\u7d61"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u6458\u8981<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u53f0\u7063\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u8207\u7528\u85e5\u7387\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u52a0\uff1f\u9664\u4e86\u91ab\u7642\u9032\u6b65\u3001\u6c11\u667a\u6f38\u958b\uff0c\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5b69\u5b50\u904e\u52d5\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u56e0\u61c9\u4e0d\u540c\u6b77\u53f2\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5f9e\u904e\u53bb\u5f37\u8abf\u9069\u61c9\u4e0d\u826f\u5f15\u767c\u904e\u52d5\u885d\u52d5\u7ba1\u6559\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u8f49\u70ba\u5927\u8166\u795e\u7d93\u767c\u5c55\u7570\u5e38\u6240\u81f4\u7684\u4e0d\u5c08\u6ce8\uff1b\u904e\u52d5\u7684\u793e\u6703\u610f\u7fa9\u4e5f\u5f9e\u300c\u58de\u300d\u5230\u300c\u75c5\u300d\u53c8\u8b8a\u6210\u300c\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e0d\u4f73\u300d\uff1b\u800c\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u8655\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5f9e\u6559\u5e2b\u8f14\u5c0e\uff0c\u8f49\u5411\u91ab\u7642\u8207\u5bb6\u9577\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u8b8a\u6210\u4ee5\u85e5\u7269\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u6c92\u807d\u904e\u300c\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u300d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u80fd\u6307\u51fa\u8eab\u908a\u8ab0\u8ab0\u8ab0\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u6709\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\uff0c\u8001\u5e2b\u8981\u6c42\u5bb6\u9577\u5f97\u5e36\u53bb\u770b\u91ab\u751f\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u89c0\u5bdf\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u7684\u78ba\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u6709\u65e5\u76ca\u666e\u904d\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff1a1996\u5e74\u5065\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u88e1\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u7387\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u52300.1% (Chien et al. 2012)\uff0c\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u56de\u9867\u5247\u6307\u51fa\u53f0\u7063\u76db\u884c\u7387\u9054\u52304.2% (Liu et al. 2018)\uff0c\u5df2\u7136\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u8a3a\u65b7\u8207\u7d71\u8a08\u624b\u518a\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u7248\u4e2d\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u76db\u884c\u73875%\u7684\u63a8\u4f30\u3002\u6211\u5011\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u7a2e\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u9577\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5f9e\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u5168\u540d\u662f\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7f3a\u9677\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\uff08Attention Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD\uff09\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u75c7\u72c0\u662f\u4e0d\u5c08\u5fc3\u3001\u904e\u52d5\u6216\u885d\u52d5\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u8cea\u770b\u4f3c\u5927\u591a\u5b69\u5b50\u90fd\u6703\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u9808\u56b4\u91cd\u5230\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u5b78\u7fd2\u6216\u793e\u4ea4\u54c1\u8cea\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u8a3a\u65b7\uff0c\u4e26\u85c9\u7531\u85e5\u7269\u548c\u8a8d\u77e5\u884c\u70ba\u6cbb\u7642\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u6539\u5584\u3002\u53f0\u7063ADHD\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u52a0\u5e38\u88ab\u91ab\u7642\u7aef\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u6c11\u773e\u610f\u8b58\u89ba\u9192\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff1a\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u4eba\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u554f\u984c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f86\u81eaADHD\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6703\u5c0b\u6c42\u91ab\u7642\u5354\u52a9\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u77e5\u8207\u8655\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u6216\u5fc5\u7136\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u690d\u57fa\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7269\u8cea\u689d\u4ef6\u8207\u4e92\u52d5\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u8f49\u63db\u4eba\u5011\u770b\u5f85\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8996\u6846\uff0c\u4e26\u628a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u8996\u70ba\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6211\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u7db2\u7d61\u300d(network of expertise) \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u89e3\u91cbADHD\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u8d85\u904e\u534a\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8ecc\u8de1\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u7db2\u7d61\u300d\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6Gil Eyal (2013) \u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5206\u6790\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u628a\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u300d\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u66f4\u5feb\u3001\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8655\u7406\u554f\u984c\u8207\u57f7\u884c\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u300c\u7db2\u7d61\u300d\u5247\u662f\u610f\u6307\u9019\u7a2e\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u8077\u696d\u5718\u9ad4\u6240\u5177\u5099\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u96c6\u7d50\u4e86\u8207\u7279\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\u548c\u4efb\u52d9\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3001\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u6280\u8853\u3001\u8a2d\u5099\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u7b49\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6613\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u662f\u6574\u9ad4\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u554f\u984c\u8207\u4efb\u52d9\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u7d44\u6210\u5c31\u6703\u7522\u51fa\u8207\u6b63\u7576\u5316\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u5728ADHD\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u6709\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u5c0dADHD\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u8207\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3001 \u5728\u540d\u53eb\u300c\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u300d\u4e4b\u524d\uff081953-1978\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8655\u7406ADHD\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5c08\u696d\u5152\u7ae5\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\uff0c\u6e90\u8d77\u65bc1953\u5e74\u53f0\u5927\u91ab\u9662\u795e\u7d93\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u4e0b\u9996\u5ea6\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5152\u7ae5\u90e8\uff0c1956\u5e74\u722d\u53d6\u5230WHO\u8207\u7f8e\u63f4\u6703\u7684\u5354\u52a9\uff0c\u6539\u5236\u70ba\u5152\u7ae5\u5fc3\u7406\u885b\u751f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u9019\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u53f0\u7063\u9996\u4f4d\u5152\u7ae5\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\u5f90\u6f84\u6e05\u70ba\u4e3b\u5c0e\uff0c\u7d0d\u5165\u81e8\u5e8a\u5fc3\u7406\u5e2b\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u4f9d\u64da\u52d5\u529b\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c\u9069\u61c9\u4e0d\u826f\u300d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u5f15\u5165\u884c\u70ba\u6cbb\u7642\u6280\u8853\u4f86\u6539\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u5e74\u57fa\u65bc\u9810\u9632\u6027\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u7684\u8003\u616e\uff0c\u793e\u5340\u5fc3\u7406\u885b\u751f\u6210\u70ba\u6b64\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u512a\u5148\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u81e8\u5e8a\u5c08\u696d\u8005\u9032\u5165\u5b78\u6821\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u900f\u904e\u63a8\u5ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u885b\u751f\u4f86\u9810\u9632\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u9054\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u52aa\u529b\u5438\u5f15\u4e00\u822c\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u5408\u4f5c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u6642\u6559\u5e2b\u6700\u982d\u75db\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u70baADHD\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u8cea\u300c\u904e\u52d5\uff0f\u885d\u52d5\u300d\u3002\u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u91ab\u7642\u5718\u968a\u8207\u6559\u5e2b\uff08\u6709\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\uff09\u5206\u4eab\u5fc3\u7406\u885b\u751f\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u8207\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8b93\u8001\u5e2b\u626e\u6f14\u985e\u4f3c\u793e\u5de5\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u904b\u7528\u65b0\u7fd2\u5f97\u7684\u8f14\u5c0e\u77e5\u80fd\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5b78\u6821\u6210\u70ba\u5152\u7ae5\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u521d\u7d1a\u8207\u6b21\u7d1a\u9810\u9632\u7684\u524d\u54e8\u7ad9\uff0c\u91ab\u7642\u7aef\u5247\u63a5\u624b\u5b78\u6821\u8f49\u4ecb\u904e\u4f86\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u500b\u6848\u3002\u5fc5\u9808\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u53f0\u7063\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u51fa\u73fe\u300c\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u300d\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u904e\u52d5\u885d\u52d5\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u591a\u662f\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u7aef\u7531\u8001\u5e2b\u9032\u884c\u8f14\u5c0e\uff0c\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u624d\u6703\u6c42\u91ab\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u843d\u5728\u8af8\u5982\u751f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u300c\u8166\u708e\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8f15\u5fae\u8166\u640d\u50b7\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u7684\u300c\u884c\u70ba\u554f\u984c\u300d\u6216\u300c\u60c5\u7dd2\u554f\u984c\u300d\u7b49\u985e\u5225\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u884c\u70ba\u6cbb\u7642\u6280\u8853\u7684\u8655\u9047\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001 \u300c\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u300d\u8a3a\u65b7\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u8207\u7a69\u5b9a\u5316\uff081979-2002\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u53f0\u7063\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u91dd\u5c0d\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u4e26\u975eADHD\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7a31\u70ba\u5152\u7ae5\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4 (Hyperkinetic Syndrome of Childhood)\uff0c\u96a8\u84571978\u5e74\u885b\u751f\u7f72\u660e\u4ee4\u5c07WHO\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u570b\u969b\u75be\u75c5\u5206\u985e\u7cfb\u7d71 (International Classification of Disease, Ninth Edition, ICD-9) \u7d0d\u5165\u81e8\u5e8a\u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u75be\u75c5\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u4e26\u64da\u4ee5\u8a3a\u65b7\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5c08\u696d\u6210\u9577\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u91ab\u9662\u7684\u5152\u7ae5\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u7642\u5718\u968a\u7a4d\u6975\u900f\u904e\u6821\u5712\u8f14\u5c0e\u7db2\u7d61\u5ba3\u5c0e\uff0c\u589e\u8a2d\u300c\u904e\u52d5\u5152\u7be9\u6aa2\u9580\u8a3a\u300d\u4ee5\u89f8\u53ca\u7591\u4f3c\u904e\u52d5\u7684\u5152\u7ae5\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u91ab\u7642\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e5f\u96a8\u5373\u6d6e\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u773e\u5a92\u9ad4\u7576\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u5927\u773e\u91ab\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u958b\u59cb\u5f9e\u5c08\u696d\u793e\u7fa4\u6d41\u5411\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u500b\u5225\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u5e2b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u8a3a\u65b7\u7cfb\u7d71 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\uff0cDSM) \u5df2\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u91ab\u754c\u9010\u6f38\u53d6\u5f97\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\uff0c\u4e26\u57281994\u5e74\u5c07\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u4e09\u5206\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u542b\u904e\u52d5\u8207\u885d\u52d5\u75c7\u72c0\u7684\u300c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u300d\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u6b64\u6642\u671f\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e26\u975e\u5b69\u5b50\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u7684\u300c\u554f\u984c\u300d\u3002\u7ffb\u95b1\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u7684\u793e\u6703\u610f\u7fa9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u300c\u904e\u52d5\u300d\u8207\u300c\u885d\u52d5\u300d\u6240\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u554f\u984c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u904e\u5ea6\u597d\u52d5\u3001\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u885d\u7a81\uff09\u8207\u6559\u80b2\u73fe\u5834\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff08\u5e72\u64fe\u6559\u5ba4\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff09\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u5b69\u5b50\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u9000\u5b78\uff0c\u66f4\u6210\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7236\u6bcd\u6975\u529b\u60f3\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u96e3\u984c\u3002\u5bb6\u9577\u5718\u9ad4\u6b63\u662f\u572890\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u8449\u9032\u5165\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u8207\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2\u9818\u57df\u5c08\u5bb6\u7d50\u76df\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u900f\u904e\u7576\u5e74\u6b63\u5728\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u300c\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300d\u4fee\u6cd5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u904e\u52d5\u5152\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2\u9451\u5b9a\u3001\u5b89\u7f6e\u53ca\u8f14\u5c0e\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u6559\u80b2\u9818\u57df\u7684\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u91ab\u7642\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u7684\u6c42\u8a3a\u4eba\u6578\u5373\u4fbf\u6f38\u6b21\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u537b\u9084\u662f\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc\u91ab\u754c\u7684\u9810\u671f\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6c61\u540d\uff08stigma\uff09\u963b\u7919\u4e86\u5bb6\u9577\u7684\u6c42\u8a3a\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6240\u501a\u91cd\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\u2500\u2500\u884c\u70ba\u8abf\u6574\u6280\u8853\u76f8\u7576\u300c\u9700\u8981\u6642\u9593\u3001\u667a\u6167\u8207\u5805\u6301\u300d\uff0c\u5c0d\u8001\u5e2b\u6216\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u5bb6\u9577\u4f86\u8aaa\u5176\u5be6\u90fd\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u4e5f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u6c42\u8a3a\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u53f0\u7063\u5df2\u7d93\u5f15\u9032\u76ee\u524d\u666e\u904d\u4f7f\u7528\u4f86\u6cbb\u7642\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u7684\u5229\u4ed6\u80fd\uff08Ritalin\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8003\u616e\u5230\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u91ab\u5e2b\u5011\u5728\u958b\u85e5\u4e0a\u9084\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u5be9\u614e\u3002\u4f7f\u5f97\u5c0d\u65bc\u6574\u500b\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u7db2\u7d61\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u66f4\u591a\u5bb6\u9577\u63a5\u53d7\u91ab\u7642\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9858\u610f\u5e36\u5b69\u5b50\u63a5\u53d7\u8a3a\u65b7\u8207\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u6574\u500b\u7db2\u7d61\u80fd\u5426\u6301\u7e8c\u64f4\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u6c7a\u6230\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001 \u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u7684\u751f\u7269\u91ab\u7642\u5316\uff082003-\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u968e\u6bb5\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9577\u6548\u65b0\u85e5\u5c08\u601d\u9054\uff08Concerta\uff09\u57282003\u5e74\u9996\u5ea6\u52a0\u5165\u6230\u5834\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u85e5\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\u6027\u63d0\u5347\uff08\u4e00\u5929\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5403\u4e00\u9846\uff0c\u986f\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b69\u5b50\u670d\u85e5\u7684\u9075\u5f9e\u6027\uff09\u3001\u570b\u5916\u5c0d\u7167\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u8ffd\u8e64\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u91ab\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\u7d2f\u7a4d\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u85e5\u5ee0\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u6e90\u6210\u70ba\u5c08\u696d\u91ab\u5b78\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5354\u529b\u8005\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u91ab\u5e2b\u5c0d\u65bc\u85e5\u7269\u64c1\u6709\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a2005\u5e74\u8d77\u5168\u6c11\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u96aa\u5be6\u65bd\u65b0\u7684\u7d66\u4ed8\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7642\u50f9\u683c\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u592a\u5ec9\u50f9\uff0c\u8b8a\u76f8\u9f13\u52f5\u4ee5\u85e5\u7269\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u8655\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u4e4f\u91ab\u5e2b\u52c9\u529b\u5728\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u7d66\u4ed8\u689d\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u9762\u6027\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u85e5\u7269\u7684\u958b\u7d66\u91cf\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u78ba\u958b\u59cb\u660e\u986f\u6500\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u85e5\u5ee0\u4e0d\u53ea\u4ecb\u5165\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d0a\u52a9\u5152\u7ae5\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u6703\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6559\u80b2\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8209\u8fa6\u300c\u5143\u6c23\u5c0f\u5b50\u9078\u62d4\u300d\uff0c\u8868\u63da\u5b78\u696d\u6210\u7e3e\u512a\u7570\u7684\u904e\u52d5\u5152\uff0c\u4f86\u5efa\u7acbADHD\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4e26\u85c9\u7531\u5f37\u8abf\u85e5\u7269\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5354\u52a9\uff0c\u5f37\u5316\u5bb6\u9577\u6c42\u91ab\u8a3a\u6cbb\u7684\u52d5\u7684\u529b\u3002\u300c\u5143\u6c23\u5c0f\u5b50\u9078\u62d4\u300d\u6697\u793a\u904e\u52d5\u88ab\u554f\u984c\u5316\u7684\u9762\u5411\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002\u6613\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u904e\u52d5\u300c\u554f\u984c\u300d\u51fa\u73fe\u65b0\u7684\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u95dc\u6ce8\u8981\u6539\u6b63\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u58de\u300d\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u958b\u59cb\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u300d\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u5b78\u696d\u4e0a\u7684\u300c\u8868\u73fe\u4e0d\u4f73\u300d\u3002\u524d\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u4e2dDSM\u65e9\u5df2\u63d0\u51fa\u7684ADHD\u6b21\u985e\u578b\u300c\u5c08\u6ce8\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u578b\u300d\uff0c\u5230\u9019\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u624d\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u8868\u73fe\u770b\u4f3c\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u6210\u70ba\u6c42\u8a3a\u7684\u7406\u7531\u8207\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9762\u5c0d\u904e\u52d5\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5bb6\u9577\u5e38\u80cc\u8ca0\u88ab\u5916\u754c\u8cea\u7591\u6559\u990a\u4e0d\u7576\u7684\u6c61\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u66f4\u5fc5\u9808\u6bcf\u65e5\u9762\u5c0d\u89aa\u5b50\u4e92\u52d5\u96e3\u984c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5b69\u5b50\u529f\u8ab2\u5beb\u4e0d\u5b8c\u3001\u5fd8\u6771\u5fd8\u897f\uff0c\u6216\u975c\u4e0d\u4e0b\u4f86\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u6cd5\u807d\u5f9e\u6307\u4ee4\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u6108\u591a\u5bb6\u9577\u9858\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u5c07\u904e\u52d5\u754c\u5b9a\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7531\u751f\u7406\u7570\u5e38\u800c\u81f4\u7684\u300c\u96b1\u85cf\u6027\u969c\u7919\u300d\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4e5f\u66f4\u6709\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u70ba\u5b69\u5b50\u722d\u53d6\u6559\u80b2\u5834\u57df\u7684\u8abf\u6574\u63aa\u65bd\u8207\u793e\u6703\u63a5\u7d0d\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u91ab\u754c\u666e\u904d\u80af\u5b9a\u7684ADHD\u7528\u85e5\uff0c\u5bb6\u9577\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u5247\u662f\u66d6\u6627\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u64d4\u5fc3\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u64d4\u5fc3\u8b93\u5b69\u5b50\u7528\u85e5\uff0c\u6703\u88ab\u5225\u4eba\u6279\u8a55\u592a\u91cd\u8996\u6210\u7e3e\u3001\u8caa\u5716\u7bc0\u7701\u6559\u990a\u8207\u89aa\u5e2b\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u529b\u6c23\u3002\u5bb6\u9577\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u793e\u6703\u5021\u8b70\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u6975\u529b\u907f\u514d\u8b93\u85e5\u7269\u6210\u70ba\u6cbb\u7642\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u4e26\u81ea\u6211\u8b66\u60d5\u4e0d\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u85e5\u5ee0\u7684\u50b3\u8072\u7b52\u6216\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6574\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u7db2\u7d61\u65e5\u76ca\u8da8\u5411\u751f\u7269\u91ab\u7642\u5316\u7684\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u5c0d\u5b69\u5b50\u904e\u52d5\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5f37\u8abf\u5927\u8166\u795e\u7d93\u767c\u5c55\u75c5\u7406\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u5206\u6ccc\u7570\u5e38(dopamine) \u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u63a7\u5236\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8655\u9047\u7b56\u7565\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8457\u91cd\u85e5\u7269\u7684\u512a\u5148\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u4ecd\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5152\u7ae5\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u7642\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u4ee5\u5168\u4eba\u7684\u3001\u591a\u6a23\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u4f86\u5354\u52a9\u5b69\u5b50\uff08\u800c\u975e\u7368\u5c0a\u85e5\u7269\uff09\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee5\u5fa9\u5065\u79d1\u70ba\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u7d71\u5408\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u65bc\u5c0d\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u85e5\u7269\u7684\u7591\u61fc\u800c\u53d6\u5f97\u4ecb\u5165\u5229\u57fa\u7684\u4e2d\u91ab\uff0c\u70baADHD\u63d0\u4f9b\u53e6\u985e\u7684\u8a3a\u6cbb\u9014\u5f91\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u9019\u4e9b\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u662f\u5426\u3001\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8207\u5152\u7ae5\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u5b78\u7684ADHD\u8a8d\u77e5\u62c9\u958b\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u90fd\u64f4\u5f35\u4e86\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u6cbb\u7406\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u8207\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u904e\u52d5\u884c\u70ba\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56db\u3001 \u7d50\u8ad6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230ADHD\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3001\u6709\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u767c\u5c55\u7570\u5e38\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6b77\u53f2\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u7db2\u7d61\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5c0d\u5b83\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u8a8d\u8b58\u3001\u793e\u6703\u610f\u7fa9\u8207\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u6301\u7e8c\u8b8a\u5316\uff1a\u5f9e\u904e\u53bb\u5f37\u8abf\u9069\u61c9\u4e0d\u826f\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u904e\u52d5\u885d\u52d5\u7ba1\u6559\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8f49\u70ba\u5927\u8166\u554f\u984c\u6240\u81f4\u7684\u4e0d\u5c08\u6ce8\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u904e\u52d5\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8a55\u50f9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f9e\u300c\u58de\u300d\u8b8a\u6210\u300c\u75c5\u300d\u53c8\u8b8a\u6210\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u5b78\u7fd2\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u4f73\u300d\uff1b\u800c\u8ca0\u8cac\u8655\u7f6e\u5c08\u696d\u8005\u8207\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u4e5f\u76f8\u61c9\u5730\u5f9e\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u8f14\u5c0e\uff0c\u8f49\u5411\u91ab\u5e2b\u8207\u5bb6\u9577\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u8b8a\u6210\u4ee5\u85e5\u7269\u70ba\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002<br \/>\n\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u7121\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u5730\u9020\u6210\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u793e\u6703\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u719f\u7a14\u4ee5\u91ab\u7642\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\u8207\u5b78\u7fd2\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u904e\u52d5\u6216\u662f\u4e0d\u5c08\u5fc3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u8da8\u5411\u751f\u7269\u91ab\u7642\u5316\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a3a\u65b7\u8207\u7528\u85e5\u7387\u7684\u6025\u5287\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u9593\u5f15\u767c\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u5f35\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u904e\u52d5\u4e0d\u8a72\u88ab\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u6216\u8cea\u7591ADHD\u7684\u76db\u884c\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u904e\u5ea6\u8a3a\u65b7\u8207\u904e\u5ea6\u7528\u85e5\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e5f\u5c07\u662f\u73fe\u968e\u6bb5\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u7db2\u7d61\u6240\u5fc5\u9808\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chien, I-Chia, Ching-Heng Lin, Yiing-Jenq Chou, and Pesus Chou. 2012. &#8220;Prevalence, Incidence, and Stimulant Use of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Taiwan, 1996-2005: A National Population-Based Study.&#8221; Social Psychiatry &amp; Psychiatric Epidemiology 47(12):1885-90.<br \/>\nEyal, Gil. 2013. &#8220;For a Sociology of Expertise: The Social Origins of the Autism Epidemic.&#8221; American Journal of Sociology 118(4):863-907.<br \/>\nLiu, Anni, Yunwen Xu, Qiong Yan, and Lian Tong. 2018. &#8220;The Prevalence of Attention Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder among Chinese Children and Adolescents.&#8221; Scientific Reports 8(1):11169.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6458\u8981 \u53f0\u7063\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u8207\u7528\u85e5\u7387\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u52a0\uff1f\u9664\u4e86\u91ab\u7642\u9032\u6b65\u3001\u6c11\u667a\u6f38\u958b\uff0c\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u80fd\u7db2\u7d61\u7684 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16032,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[989,983],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15998"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15998"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15998\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16033,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15998\/revisions\/16033"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16032"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15998"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15998"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/newsletter.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}