◆◇院區植物介紹專欄◇◆ 肯氏南洋杉與小葉南洋杉   Discovering our campus plants 肯氏南洋杉與小葉南洋杉 植物研究所標本館 陳建志、趙淑妙 兩者最大的區別在於肯氏南洋杉的樹皮金褐色,枝條向上斜舉, 葉較短(4–7mm),堅硬而刺手;小葉南洋杉的樹皮黑褐色,枝條 水平開展,葉較長(8–12mm),柔軟而不刺手。在分類上,兩者都 是南洋杉屬的植物(隸屬於南洋杉科、松柏目、松柏綱、裸子植物 門)。南洋杉科最主要的特徵是毬果木質、葉為螺旋狀排列、每個 苞鱗僅具一個倒生胚珠。 全世界現生的南洋杉科僅有三屬。南洋杉屬的種子與苞鱗合生, 依此特點可與另二屬,貝殼杉屬(Agathis)與Wollemia,區別。後 者為1994年才發現並命名的新屬,僅含一種,Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi Pine)─ 它是全世界最稀少的物種之一,目前僅知有38 棵成株,生長在澳洲南威爾斯省的Wollemi國家公園。活株的發現具 有特殊意義,因為過去只發現該種植物之化石,本種可能在一億五 千萬年前的恐龍時代(侏儸紀)就已存在。 現今南洋杉科的分布相當侷限,但在過去的地質年代則不然。化 石方面有很好的證據顯示南洋杉屬在侏儸紀時的南北半球都曾生長。 本屬約有十八種,New Caledonia特有十三種,Norfolk Island有一 種,其餘分布於新幾內亞和南美洲之南部。 Hoop pine and Norfolk pine Chien-Chih Chen and Shu-Miaw Chaw Herbarium, Institute of Botany Hoop pine and Norfolk pine are readily distinguishable by their barks, which are golden brown in the former and black brown in the latter. Besides, the former has ascending branches with shorter(4–7mm), spiny and stiff needles, while the latter has horizontally expanding branches with longer(8– 12mm)and soft needles. Taxonomically, both species belong to the same genus, Araucaria of the gymnospermous family Araucariaceae. The Araucariaceae are characterized by having woody cones, spiral arranged needles, and each fertile bract with only one inverted ovule. There are only three genera in the family. Aruacaria differs from the other two genera (Agathis and Wollemia) in that its ovules are united with the scales. Wollemia with only a single species (W. nobilis) was discovered by an officer of New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service in August of 1994. The species was previously known only through fossils that date back to the age of dinosaurs, some 150 million years ago and thought to have become extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period (approximately 65 million years ago). Now it has only 38 adult trees found in two small stands in Wollemi National Park. Araucariaceae has a very restricted present day distribution, but was more widespread in the past. The genus Araucaria is represented by good fossil material in both hemispheres as early as the Jurassic. There are about 18 species, 13 endemic to New Caledonia, 1 on Norfolk Island and the rest in New Guinea, Queensland and southern South America. 肯氏南洋杉 學名:Araucaria cunninghamii D. Don 英名:Hoop pine 科名:Araucariaceae or Araucaria family 分布:原產澳洲及新幾內亞。為引進栽培的庭園觀賞植物,多栽於 院區行政大樓西側及統計所東側空地;台史所北側庭院及生 化所前門亦有數棵。 形態特徵:常綠喬木,45–60公尺高,樹皮金褐色,主側枝條輪生, 向上斜舉,小側枝多分歧;成熟葉鑿形,長4–7公厘, 堅硬而刺手;毬果長圓形,成熟時苞鱗斷落以散佈種子。 種子二側有窄的、膜質的翼。 Distribution: Natives of northern New South Wales (Australia) and New Guinea. On campus mainly cultivated at the west side of Administration Office and east side of Institute of Statistics. A few individuals planted at the north side of the Institute of Taiwan History and in the front of the Institute of Biological Chemistry. Characteristics: Evergreen tree, 45–60 m high, bark golden brown, rough; branches in whorls, ascending; young branchlets on the branch tips often group in clusters; mature needles short lanceolate, stiff and sharply pointed, 4–7mm long. Cones ovate-globose, seed-scales separate from the cone axis when mature. Seed with a narrow, membranous wing on both sides. 小葉南洋杉 學名:Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco 英名:Norfolk pine 科名:Araucariaceae or Araucaria family 分布:原產澳洲的Norfolk島。為引進栽培的庭園觀賞植物,多栽於 院區行政大樓西側、植物所及數學所北側和統計所東側空地。 植物所溫室西側,分生所北棟東側及現代史研究所後亦有栽植。 形態特徵:常綠喬木,可達70公尺高,樹皮黑褐色,枝條輪生,水 平展開,小側枝一回羽狀,不分歧;成熟葉針狀,向上 彎而尖,細長,8–12公厘,柔軟而不刺手;毬果圓形。 種子無翼。 Distribution: Native of Norfolk Island. Very frequently cultivated in warmer regions or as a house plant. Mainly cultivated at the west side of Administration Office, around the Institutes of Botany, and north sides of Mathematics, and east side of the Institute of Statistics. A few individuals located at the west side of the greenhouse of the Institute of Botany, east side of the Institute of Molecular Biology, and backyard of the Institute of Modern History. Characteristics: Evergreen tree, to 70 m high, bark black brown, exfoliating in thin layers; branches in whorls, horizontally spreading, branchlets simple; mature needles short linear, the tip inward and pointed, 8–12 mm long, soft; cones usually wider than high. Seed without the well developed wing. 肯氏南洋杉        肯氏南洋杉  小葉南洋杉 枝條向上斜舉且小側枝多岐 金褐色樹皮  枝條較平展且小側枝羽狀