◆◇院區植物介紹專欄◇◆

  台灣欒樹、黃槐

　　　Discovering our campus plants

    台灣欒樹

    植物研究所標本館　劉翠雅、趙淑妙

      大約九月秋天來臨時，在台灣低海拔闊葉林及都市中道路旁，常
    可見此種台灣特產的樹木開著鮮黃的花朵（花序總狀），接著結出
    囊狀具有三稜的鮮紅色果實。

    Flamegold

    Tsui-ya Liu, Shu-Miaw Chaw

    Herbarium, Institute of Botany

      In September, when the autumn comes, this endemic plant
    comes into blossom (the inflorescences are panicle) and
    then sets red fruits, which are capsules, bladder-like
    with 3 valves. Flamegold trees are commonly found in broad-
    leaved, shiny forests of low altitudes and are often cultivated
    along street sides and in parks.

    台灣欒樹（又名苦苓舅）

    英文名：Flamegold

    學名（Scientific Name）：Koelreuteria henryi Dummer

    科名（Family）：無患子科Sapindaceae or Soapberry Family

    分布：台灣特有，院區種植於新大門與舊大門間的植物所溫室牆內、
          生物農業科學研究所後院及四分溪旁。研究院路61巷北端路
          邊及附近住宅區亦有相當多植株。為常見的行道樹之一。

    形態特徵：落葉喬木可高至15公尺以上，葉互生，二回奇數羽狀複
              葉；小葉9~13對，長橢圓形至卵形，6~9公分長，2.5~3
              公分寬，葉緣細鋸齒狀，葉基歪斜，葉面及葉背光滑；
              秋天開花，頂生圓錐花序約25公分長，花黃色，約5公厘
              寬；蒴果玫瑰紅色，囊狀，膜質，三瓣裂，約4公分長；
              種子圓形、黑色。

      本屬植物有六種，分布於東亞、中國及日本。台灣僅特產本種，
    分布於低海拔闊葉林陽光強處。

      Distribution: Endemic. Cultivated inside the fence between
                    new gate and the old gate of Academia Sinica,
                    along banks of Ssu-fen River, and behind the
                    Institute of Bio-Agriculture Sciences.

      Characteristics: Deciduous trees up to 15 m high or above.
                       Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, leaflets 9~13
                       pairs, oblong-ovate, 6~9 cm long, 2.5~3 cm
                       broad, acuminate at apex, oblique at base,
                       serrulate at margin, glabrous on both surfaces.
                       Flowering in autumn, inflorescence of terminal
                       panicle, to 25 cm long, yellowish, about 5 mm
                       across. Capsule rose-colored, bladder-like,
                       inflated, about 4 cm long, 3-valved. Seeds
                       globose, about 5~7 mm across, black.

      This genus has 6 species in East Asia, China, and Japan. One
    species is endemic to Taiwan.

　　  　　台灣欒樹（又名苦苓舅）　　　　　　　　台灣欒樹（又名苦苓舅）

　　　　　台灣欒樹（又名苦苓舅）　　　　　　　　　　　　　　黃　　槐

    黃槐

    英文名：Glossyshower Senna

    學名：Senna sulfurea (Collad.) Irwin & Barneby

    科名：豆科FABACEAE or Pea family

    分佈：原產印度，錫蘭，澳洲，波里尼西亞，全島普遍栽培及逸出。
          院區內歐美研究所前種植較多。

    形態特徵：常綠大灌木至小喬木約3~5公尺高。偶數羽狀複葉，小葉
              約八對，長卵形，2~4公分長，先端鈍或微凹。腋生總狀
              繖房花序，花黃色，全年均可開花。莢果扁平，長7~12
              公分。

      本屬植物約有350種，分布於熱帶與亞熱帶。台灣引進多種，已有
    6種歸化種。

    Distribution: Native of India, Ceylon, Australia and Polynesia,
                  widely cultivated in Taiwan. On campus cultivated
                  in front of Institute of European and American
                  Studies.

      Characteristics: Evergreen small trees about 3~5 m high.
                       Leaves alternate, even－pinnate, leaflets
                       4~6 pairs, ovate-elliptic, 2.3~5 cm long,
                       apex obtuse or emarginate. Flowering in a
                       whole year, axillary inflorescence racemous
                       corymbs, flower yellow, about 4 cm across.
                       Pods flat, about 7~12 cm long.

      This genus has about 350 species distributed in most tropical
     and subtropical regions. In Taiwan there were many species
     introduced and 6 of them have been naturalized.